Table 2.

Characteristics of final sample parent-child dyads^a.

Variables/categories	Adolescents N [% (95%–CI)]/mean (SD; range)	Parents N [% (95%–CI)]/mean (SD; range)
Absolute frequency	931	931
Gender
Male	468 [50.3 (47.1–53.5)]	466 [49.9 (46.7–53.2)]
Female	463 [49.7 (46.5–52.9)]	465 [50.1 (46.7–53.2)]
Age in years	13.67 (2.19; 10–17)	47.13 (7.62; 28–75)
Relationship status
Biological child	851 [91.5 (89.7–93.3)]
Adoptive child	6 [0.7 (0.1–1.2)]
Stepchild	46 [5.0 (3.6–6.3)]
Otherb, c	27 [2.9 (1.8–4.0)]
Education leveld,e
High	291 [60.9 (56.5–65.3)]	285 [30.7 (27.7–33.7)]
Medium	150 [31.4 (27.2–35.5)]	548 [59.1 (55.9–62.2)]
Low	37 [7.7 (5.3–10.1)]	95 [10.2 (8.3–12.2)]
Occupationf
Full-Time employment/school attendance	415 [86.5 (83.4–89.5)]	570 [61.4 (58.2–64.5)]
Part-Time employment/apprenticeship	43 [9.0 (6.4–11.5)]	255 [27.5 (24.6–30.3)]
Otherg	22 [4.5 (0.5–8.7)]	104 [11.4 (8.0–14.4)]
Place of residence
Urban livingh	766 [17.7 (15.3–20.2)]
Rural living	165 [82.3 (79.8–84.7)]
Psychological measures
PSS-10 sum score	15.19 (6.63, 0–39)	–
PHQ-9 sum score	4.50 (4.52, 0–27)	–
SMDS/SMDS-P sm score	1.54 (2.08, 0–9)	1.71 (2.36, 0–9)

N, absolute frequency; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; PSS-10, Perceived Stress Scale; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; SMDS-(P), Social Media Disorder Scale (Parental Version);

^adyads with frequently social media using adolescents, i.e., adolescents use social media at least once a week;

^bfoster child/not specified;

^cno response n = 1;

^dfor parents: highest level achieved–high = bachelor/master's degree to doctorate (Ph.D), medium = secondary school-leaving certificate (Realschulabschluss)/university entry qualification (Abitur)/completed apprenticeship, low = no or lower school-leaving certificate (Hauptschulabschluss); for adolescents: (prospective) school leaving certificate (based on the current school performance)–high = university entry qualification (Abitur), medium = secondary school certificate (Realschulabschluss), low = no/special-school (Förderschulabschluss)/lower school certificate (Hauptschulabschluss);

^eno response adolescents n = 453, no response parents n = 3; no response/item not presented to adolescents younger than 14 years;

^fno response adolescents n = 451, no response parents n = 2; no response adolescents/item not presented to adolescents younger than 14 years;

^gfor adolescents: university students, in voluntary service, military service, other occupation, or unemployed; for parents: job-seeking, welfare recipient, pensioners, disabled, trainee, student, no specification;

^hareas with ≥ 5,000 residents.