Table 6.
MANOVA and post-hoc test results on adolescents ROC-classified with/without SMUD.
| Variables | SMUD | No SMUD | F-value | χ2/post-hoc Scheffé tests | Cramer's V/Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute frequency | 31 | 900 | – | – | – |
| Relative frequency in % (95%–CI) | 3.33 (2.18, 4.48) | 96.67 (95.52, 97.82) | – | – | – |
| Female sex in % (95%–CI) | 58.06 (40.69, 75.44) | 49.44 (46.18, 52.71) | – | 0.01 NS (p = 0.93) | – |
| Mean age (SE) | 13.71 (0.29) | 13.67 (0.07) | 0.01 NS (p = 0.94) | – | – |
| Mean SOMEDIS-A factor 1 score (SE) | 13.13 (0.88) | 2.43 (0.1) | 357.52*** | 10.7*** | 3.42 |
| Mean SOMEDIS-A factor 2 score (SE) | 12.45 (0.49) | 4.81 (0.12) | 146.06*** | 7.64*** | 2.19 |
| Mean SOMEDIS-A time criterion score (SE) | 2.42 (0.09) | 0.67 (0.02) | 294.82*** | 1.74*** | 3.11 |
| Mean SMDS sum score (SE) | 6.29 (0.44) | 1.38 (0.06) | 200.38*** | 4.91*** | 2.6 |
| Mean SMDS-P sum score (SE) | 5.71 (0.57) | 1.58 (0.07) | 104.14*** | 4.13*** | 1.84 |
| Mean usage days per week (SE) | 6.39 (0.29) | 6.33 (0.05) | 0.02 NS (p = 0.88) | – | – |
| Mean time spent with SM per day [in minutes] (SE) | 337.77 (48.7) | 159.46 (21.64) | 57.79*** | 187.32*** | 1.39 |
| PHQ sum score | 12.71 (0.25) | 4.21 (0.14) | 118.9*** | 8.5*** | 2 |
| PSS sum score | 23.39 (0.18) | 14.91 (0.22) | 51.08*** | 8.5*** | 1.31 |
***
p ≤ 0.001, NS, not significant; MANOVA, Multivariate Analysis of Variance; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; SMUD, social media use disorder; χ2, chi-square; Cramér's V/Cohen's d, effect sizes; (95%–CI), 95% confidence interval; SE, standard error of the mean; SOMEDIS-A, ICD-11 Social Media Disorder Scale for Adolescents; SMDS(-P), DSM-5 Social Media Disorder Scale (parental version); SOMEDIS-A factor 1, negative consequences; SOMEDIS-A factor 2, cognitive-behavioral symptoms; SM, social media; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale.