Table 8.
Comparison of the three SM user profiles based on LPA.
| Variables | Problematic SM users (PSMU) | Intensive SM users (ISMU) | Light SM users (LSMU) | F-value | χ2/post-hoc Scheffé testsa | Cramer's V/Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute frequency | 59 | 543 | 329 | – | – | – |
| Relative frequency in % (95%–CI) | 6.34 (4.77, 7.9) | 58.32 (55.16, 61.49) | 35.34 (32.27, 38.41) | – | – | – |
| – | – | |||||
| – | – | |||||
| Female sex in % (95%–CI) | 49.15 (36.4, 61.91) | 50.83 (46.62, 55.03) | 48.02 (42.63, 53.42) | – | 0.01 NS (p = 0.91) | 0.01 |
| 0.00 NS (p = 0.99) | 0.01 | |||||
| 0.54 NS (p = 0.46) | 0.03 | |||||
| Mean SOMEDIS-A factor 1 score (SE) | 9.83 (0.73) | 3.15 (0.14) | 0.94 (0.1) | – | – | 1.91 |
| – | 3.27 | |||||
| – | 0.81 | |||||
| Mean SOMEDIS-A factor 2 score (SE) | 10.31 (0.45) | 6.53 (0.13) | 1.7 (0.1) | – | – | 1.25 |
| – | 4.04 | |||||
| – | 1.87 | |||||
| Mean SOMEDIS-A time criterion score (SE) | 2.36 (0.06) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | – | – | 9.03 |
| – | 12.59 | |||||
| – | Inf | |||||
| MANOVA and post-hoc tests | ||||||
| Mean age (SE) | 13.86 (0.24) | 13.57 (0.09) | 13.81 (0.13) | 0.64 NS (p = 0.42) | – | – |
| Mean SMDS sum score (SE) | 4.88 (0.38) | 1.85 (0.08) | 0.42 (0.06) | 321.06*** | −3.03*** | 1.49 |
| −4.46*** | 2.88 | |||||
| −1.43*** | 0.86 | |||||
| Mean SMDS-P sum score (SE) | 4.75 (0.4) | 2.02 (0.1) | 0.66 (0.08) | 187.66*** | −2.73*** | 1.12 |
| −4.09*** | 2.3 | |||||
| −1.36*** | 0.66 | |||||
| Mean usage days per week (SE) | 6.34 (0.2) | 6.45 (0.06) | 6.14 (0.09) | 5.41* | 0.11 NS (p = 0.86) | 0.08 |
| −0.2 NS (p = 0.63) | 0.13 | |||||
| −0.2* | 0.21 | |||||
| Mean time spent with SM per day [in minutes] (SE) | 291.88 (30.42) | 176.72 (5.44) | 125.27 (5.28) | 82.34*** | −115.16*** | 0.82 |
| −166.61*** | 1.32 | |||||
| −51.45*** | 0.44 | |||||
| Mean PHQ-9 sum score (SE) | 10.71 (0.87) | 4.76 (0.18) | 2.95 (0.19) | 143.65*** | −5.95*** | 1.34 |
| −7.76*** | 1.87 | |||||
| −1.81*** | 0.46 | |||||
| Mean PSS-10 sum score (SE) | 21.93 (0.67) | 15.91 (0.27) | 12.8 (0.36) | 117.53*** | −6.02*** | 0.99 |
| −9.13*** | 1.46 | |||||
| −3.11*** | 0.49 | |||||
***
p ≤ 0.001,
*
p ≤ 0.05, NS, not significant;
a
post-hoc tests reported in the following sequence: PSMU–ISMU, PSMU–LSMU, ISMU–LSMU. MANOVA, Multivariate Analysis of Variance; LPA, Latent Profile Analysis; SM, social media; χ2, chi-square; Cramér's V/Cohen's d, effect sizes; (95%–CI), 95% confidence interval; SE, standard error of the mean; SOMEDIS-A, ICD-11 Social Media Disorder Scale for Adolescents; Inf, infinite number; SMDS(-P), DSM-5 Social Media Disorder Scale (parental version); SOMEDIS-A factor 1, negative consequences; SOMEDIS-A factor 2, cognitive-behavioral symptoms; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale.