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. 2021 Apr 22;12:671966. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671966

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Naïve ILC2s are exposed to IL-33 during the neonatal period and become “trained”. Once activated, ILC2s become effector cells, producing cytokines and initiating the inflammatory cascade. The majority of the effector cells are predicted to die (A), while a proportion of ILC2s acquires immunological memory (B). Some ILC2s may become exhausted (C), whereas others can also transdifferentiate into IFNγ-producing ILC1-like cells (D) or IL-17-producing ILC3-like cells (E) upon stimulation with IL-1β + IL-12 or IL-1β + IL-23 + TGFβ, respectively. A subset of ILC2s migrates out of the lung and enter circulation (F).