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. 2021 May 6;26(5):5873–5893. doi: 10.1007/s10639-021-10571-7

Table 2.

The effect of the peer-chain technique on participants’ vocabulary knowledge and retention

Control Experiment ANOVA
M±SD (%95 CI) M± SD (%95 CI) Time Group Time×Group
Pre-test 17.3±6.5 (14.4-20.3) a 18.8±6.8 (16.0-21.6) a
Post-test β27.6±4.1 (25.8-29.5) b 31.6±4.8 (29.7-33.6) bc 139.3** 7.1* 3.8*
Retention test β20.0±4.4 (24.0-28.0) c 31.7±6.3 (29.1-34.3) cb

*p< .05; **p<.01; 95 % CI= 95% Confidence Interval, Time= Pre-test, post-test and retention test, Group= Experiment and control groups, Time×Group= The interaction of time and group factors. βSignificant differences between the groups, a,b,c Significant difference among means with different letter in the same column p < .05.