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. 2021 Apr 22;9:636136. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636136

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Copyright © 2021 Liu, Han, Liang, Li and Cao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Route of cell delivery. (A) Epicardial intramyocardial injection. (B) Biological tissue engineering and cell patch. (C) Intracoronary injection. (D) Intravenous injection. (E) Endocardial intramyocardial injection guide by DSA, 3D NOGA and MRI. (F) Ultrasound guided targeted epicardial injection with a triple puncture needle device. DSA, Digital subtraction angiography; MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging.