Table 3.
Semi-quantitative (SQ) grading, 2D- and 3D-quantification of the ELS.
| MD | HC | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Definite | Probable | All | |||||||||||||||||||
| (n = 75) | (n = 35) | (n = 40) | (n = 33) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (A) EH presence [%] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R1-3 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R1-3 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R1-3 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R1-3 | |||||||
| Ipsilateral | ELS | 80% | 69% | 85% | 78% | 86% | 83% | 91% | 87% | 75% | 57% | 80% | 71% | 9% | 39% | 27% | 25% | |||||
| cELS | 65% | 60% | 67% | 64% | 74% | 74% | 74% | 74% | 57% | 48% | 60% | 55% | 6% | 21% | 9% | 12% | ||||||
| vELS | 72% | 61% | 69% | 68% | 74% | 74% | 80% | 76% | 70% | 50% | 60% | 60% | 9% | 33% | 27% | 23% | ||||||
| Contralateral | ELS | 73% | 44% | 72% | 63% | 77% | 37% | 77% | 64% | 70% | 50% | 68% | 63% | 21% | 27% | 27% | 25% | |||||
| cELS | 59% | 32% | 40% | 44% | 57% | 23% | 37% | 39% | 60% | 40% | 43% | 48% | 15% | 21% | 9% | 15% | ||||||
| vELS | 61% | 36% | 56% | 51% | 63% | 34% | 71% | 56% | 60% | 38% | 43% | 47% | 21% | 24% | 24% | 23% | ||||||
| (B) SQ grading | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grades | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
| Ipsilateral | ELS | R1-3 | 15% | 15% | 13% | 5% | 9% | 14% | 17% | 3% | 20% | 15% | 10% | 8% | 73% | 9% | 0% | 0% | ||||
| cELS | R1-3 | 33% | 35% | 27% | 5% | 26% | 34% | 37% | 3% | 40% | 35% | 18% | 8% | 91% | 9% | 0% | 0% | |||||
| vELS | R1-3 | 31% | 31% | 24% | 15% | 20% | 26% | 40% | 14% | 40% | 35% | 10% | 15% | 73% | 27% | 0% | 0% | |||||
| Contralateral | ELS | R1-3 | 28% | 20% | 8% | 1% | 23% | 23% | 9% | 3% | 33% | 18% | 8% | 0% | 73% | 6% | 0% | 0% | ||||
| cELS | R1-3 | 60% | 28% | 11% | 1% | 63% | 23% | 11% | 3% | 57% | 33% | 10% | 0% | 91% | 9% | 0% | 0% | |||||
| vELS | R1-3 | 44% | 39% | 15% | 3% | 29% | 51% | 17% | 3% | 57% | 28% | 13% | 3% | 76% | 24% | 0% | 0% | |||||
| Percentage | R1-3 | Min | 25% | 50% | 75% | Max | Min | 25% | 50% | 75% | Max | Min | 25% | 50% | 75% | Max | Min | 25% | 50% | 75% | Max | |
| AI [%] | ELS | R1-3 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 20 | 33 | 92 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| cELS | R1-3 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | |
| vELS | R1-3 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 88 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | |
| (C) 2D-quantification | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean | Std | 25% | 50% | 75% | Mean | Std | 25% | 50% | 75% | Mean | Std | 25% | 50% | 75% | Mean | Std | 25% | 50% | 75% | |||
| Ipsilateral | ELS | c8 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 6.5 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 4 |
| [mm2] | cELS | c8 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
| vELS | c8 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.9 | |
| Contralateral | ELS | c8 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 4 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 3.8 | 4.5 |
| [mm2] | cELS | c8 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1 | 1.4 |
| vELS | c8 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.1 | |
| AI [%] | ELS | c8 | 16.1 | 28.2 | 0.2 | 14.8 | 34.6 | 20.7 | 27.2 | 5.1 | 22.7 | 45.8 | 12.1 | 28.7 | 0.7 | 14.7 | 31.1 | 4.0 | 20.4 | 17.3 | 7.02 | 12.7 |
| cELS | c8 | 13.2 | 40.4 | 5.6 | 17.9 | 34.2 | 17.3 | 41.4 | 5 | 14.3 | 46.1 | 9.6 | 39.8 | 6.6 | 18.8 | 33.3 | 2.5 | 32.5 | 27.0 | 0 | 22.9 | |
| vELS | c8 | 17.9 | 33.8 | 0.9 | 21.4 | 38.6 | 20.5 | 34.8 | 0.9 | 28.6 | 45.7 | 15.7 | 33.2 | 0.6 | 21.4 | 30.0 | 3.2 | 24.6 | 16.5 | 1.5 | 9.5 | |
| ER [%] | ELS | c8 | 14.71 | 6.97 | 10.09 | 13.7 | 20.44 | 16.61 | 6.85 | 11.14 | 16.67 | 21.52 | 13.05 | 6.73 | 7.24 | 11.99 | 17.54 | 9.33 | 3.22 | 7.18 | 8.66 | 11.04 |
| Ipsilateral | cELS | c8 | 8.4 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 7.9 | 11.6 | 9.4 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 8.6 | 13.2 | 7.6 | 5 | 3.3 | 7.3 | 9.7 | 6.3 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 7.9 |
| vELS | c8 | 19.7 | 10.3 | 11.9 | 19.2 | 27.7 | 22.3 | 10.7 | 13.8 | 23.1 | 30.3 | 17.4 | 9.5 | 11.1 | 16.1 | 23.8 | 11.7 | 4.8 | 8.8 | 10.7 | 15.1 | |
| ER [%] | ELS | c8 | 9.7 | 4.1 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 11.6 | 10.4 | 4.5 | 7.3 | 9.6 | 13 | 9.1 | 3.7 | 7.3 | 8.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 2.7 | 7.6 | 10.3 | 12.4 |
| Contralateral | cELS | c8 | 6.2 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 5.3 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 6.3 | 10.8 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 7.4 | 7 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 8.2 |
| vELS | c8 | 12.3 | 6.4 | 9.1 | 10.5 | 14.2 | 13.4 | 6.7 | 9.2 | 12 | 17.4 | 11.4 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 9.9 | 13 | 12.1 | 3.9 | 9.3 | 11.7 | 14.9 | |
| ER [%]- | ELS | c8 | 5 | 7.4 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 9.9 | 6.2 | 8 | −0.5 | 6.3 | 12.3 | 3.9 | 6.6 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 6.5 | −0.6 | 3.7 | −3 | −0.7 | 2.3 |
| Difference | cELS | c8 | 2.3 | 6.2 | −0.4 | 2.1 | 6.5 | 2.7 | 6.8 | −0.4 | 2.5 | 6.7 | 1.9 | 5.8 | −0.7 | 2.1 | 5.1 | −0.7 | 4.6 | −2.6 | 0 | 1.9 |
| vELS | c8 | 7.3 | 10.8 | 0.2 | 6.2 | 12 | 8.9 | 12.5 | 1.1 | 9.9 | 18 | 6 | 9.1 | 0 | 6.2 | 9.8 | −0.5 | 5.4 | −4 | −0.4 | 2.4 | |
| TFS | ELS | c8 | 36.9 | 3.8 | 34.5 | 36.6 | 39.3 | 37.2 | 3.6 | 35.3 | 37.1 | 39.6 | 36.6 | 3.9 | 34 | 36.5 | 38.5 | 36.2 | 3.7 | 34.1 | 37.1 | 39 |
| Ipsilateral | cELS | c8 | 16.3 | 1.7 | 15.5 | 16.4 | 17.4 | 16.5 | 1.6 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 16.3 | 1.8 | 15.6 | 16.4 | 17.3 | 15.8 | 1.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 16.8 |
| [mm2] | vELS | c8 | 20.5 | 2.6 | 18.8 | 20.1 | 22.4 | 20.8 | 2.6 | 19.3 | 21.1 | 22.4 | 20.3 | 2.6 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 22.5 | 20.5 | 2.5 | 18.8 | 20.9 | 21.9 |
| TFS | ELS | c8 | 37.3 | 3.9 | 35.3 | 37.1 | 39.4 | 37.1 | 3.5 | 35 | 36.6 | 39.4 | 37.5 | 4.2 | 35.3 | 37.1 | 39.4 | 36.6 | 3.3 | 34.2 | 37.1 | 37.9 |
| Contralateral | cELS | c8 | 16.2 | 1.8 | 15.2 | 16.1 | 17.3 | 16.3 | 1.4 | 15.3 | 16.2 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 2.1 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 17.8 | 16.1 | 1.6 | 14.9 | 15.8 | 17.2 |
| [mm2] | vELS | c8 | 21.1 | 2.7 | 19.5 | 20.8 | 22.7 | 20.8 | 2.5 | 18.5 | 20.7 | 22.3 | 21.3 | 2.8 | 19.6 | 20.8 | 22.8 | 20.4 | 2.2 | 18.7 | 20.4 | 22.3 |
| (D) 3D-quantification | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean | Std | 25% | 50% | 75% | Mean | Std | 25% | 50% | 75% | Mean | Std | 25% | 50% | 75% | Mean | Std | 25% | 50% | 75% | |||
| Ipsilateral | ELS | c8 | 23.5 | 8.4 | 17.7 | 20.9 | 30.1 | 26 | 9 | 17.8 | 26.9 | 32.1 | 21.2 | 7.2 | 16.9 | 19.8 | 23.4 | 16.1 | 5.6 | 12.1 | 15.4 | 18.5 |
| [mm3] | cELS | c8 | 6.8 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 9 | 7.8 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 7.2 | 10.7 | 5.9 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 6.9 | 5 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 6 |
| vELS | c8 | 16.6 | 6.1 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 20.5 | 18.2 | 7 | 13 | 19.3 | 22.2 | 15.3 | 4.9 | 12.2 | 14.8 | 17.2 | 11.1 | 3.6 | 9 | 11.6 | 12.9 | |
| Contralateral | ELS | c8 | 17.2 | 4.6 | 14.4 | 16.3 | 20 | 17.4 | 4.5 | 14.9 | 17.4 | 20 | 17.1 | 4.7 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 19.9 | 16.2 | 3.9 | 13.2 | 16.5 | 19.2 |
| [mm3] | cELS | c8 | 5 | 2 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 3.2 | 4.7 | 6.1 |
| vELS | c8 | 12.2 | 3.8 | 9.8 | 11.4 | 14.3 | 12.2 | 3.2 | 10 | 12.8 | 14.2 | 12.3 | 4.4 | 9.6 | 11.4 | 14.4 | 11.2 | 3 | 8.8 | 11.7 | 13.1 | |
| AI [%] | ELS | c8 | 13.4 | 16.1 | 1.1 | 10 | 22.8 | 17.5 | 17.0 | 2.9 | 17.5 | 32.0 | 9.7 | 14.5 | 0.3 | 10 | 18.8 | 1.9 | 15.9 | 12.3 | 0.6 | 5.9 |
| cELS | c8 | 11.9 | 25.8 | 5.4 | 7.94 | 29.4 | 17.6 | 27.1 | 3.1 | 20.8 | 31.7 | 6.9 | 23.9 | 10.6 | 2.5 | 26.6 | 0.8 | 23.9 | 15.1 | 6.8 | 13.1 | |
| vELS | c8 | 13.5 | 16.9 | 1.1 | 12.7 | 25.9 | 16.4 | 18.3 | 0.52 | 18.4 | 32.9 | 10.7 | 15.3 | 1.5 | 9.1 | 14.7 | 1.6 | 17.12 | 12.0 | 3.8 | 7.4 | |
| ER [%] | ELS | c8 | 8.5 | 2.8 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 10.8 | 9.3 | 2.9 | 7 | 9.6 | 11.9 | 7.7 | 2.5 | 6 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 5.9 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 6.5 |
| Ipsilateral | cELS | c8 | 7 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 6 | 9.8 | 8 | 3.3 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 11 | 6.2 | 3 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 4 | 5.1 | 6.6 |
| vELS | c8 | 9.2 | 3.1 | 7 | 8.8 | 11.3 | 10 | 3.4 | 8.4 | 10.6 | 12.7 | 8.5 | 2.7 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 10.2 | 6.2 | 1.7 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 7 | |
| ER [%] | ELS | c8 | 6.2 | 1.3 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 1.3 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 1.3 | 5.3 | 6 | 6.7 | 6 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 6 | 6.8 |
| Contralateral | cELS | c8 | 5.3 | 1.9 | 4 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 1.9 | 4 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 5 | 7 |
| vELS | c8 | 6.7 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 1.7 | 5.3 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 1.9 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 1.4 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 7 | |
| ER [%]- | ELS | c8 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 4 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 6.1 | 1.6 | 2.4 | −0.1 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 0 | 1.7 | −1 | 0 | 0.8 |
| Difference | cELS | c8 | 1.8 | 3.5 | −0.6 | 1 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 3.6 | −0.5 | 2.4 | 5 | 1 | 3.3 | −0.6 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 2.4 | −1.4 | 0 | 1.6 |
| vELS | c8 | 2.5 | 3 | 0 | 1.9 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 6.3 | 1.9 | 2.6 | −0.1 | 1.6 | 2.9 | −0.1 | 1.9 | −1.3 | −0.5 | 0.9 | |
| TFS | ELS | c8 | 275.7 | 29.2 | 258 | 271.4 | 295 | 276.9 | 26.8 | 259.2 | 275 | 296.4 | 274.8 | 31.5 | 252.8 | 271.4 | 295 | 267.4 | 37.2 | 251 | 271.1 | 291 |
| Ipsilateral | cELS | c8 | 95.2 | 12.2 | 86.7 | 93.4 | 103 | 96.7 | 12.3 | 87.5 | 96.7 | 105.4 | 93.9 | 12.2 | 85.8 | 93.4 | 102 | 88.6 | 14.4 | 80.5 | 88.2 | 98.4 |
| [mm3] | vELS | c8 | 179.9 | 20.1 | 166 | 182 | 192 | 178.6 | 17.6 | 166.5 | 176.3 | 192.7 | 181 | 22.2 | 165.7 | 182 | 192 | 178.7 | 27.1 | 166 | 178.6 | 195 |
| TFS | ELS | c8 | 276.5 | 31.2 | 257 | 269.1 | 298 | 277.3 | 30 | 256.8 | 275.1 | 300.9 | 275.8 | 32.5 | 258.6 | 269.1 | 298 | 269.9 | 25.7 | 248 | 270.6 | 290 |
| Contralateral | cELS | c8 | 94.8 | 13.3 | 86.2 | 93 | 103 | 95.9 | 13.1 | 86.7 | 95 | 104.2 | 93.8 | 13.6 | 83 | 90.6 | 102 | 91.3 | 12.5 | 80.3 | 89.8 | 96.3 |
| [mm3] | vELS | c8 | 182.4 | 20.6 | 171 | 183.3 | 193 | 181.3 | 19.5 | 171.5 | 178.2 | 192.7 | 183.4 | 21.7 | 171.4 | 183.4 | 193 | 178.6 | 17.8 | 168 | 180.7 | 190 |