TABLE 3.
Effect of HDIVC on the recovery of immune function deficiency.
| Variables (median [IQR]) | Time points | n | HDIVC | n | Control | RR (CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with CD4 + T cell (<410/μL) deficiency on day 0, n/total | Day 0 | 12 | 12/55 | 18 | 18/55 | 0.6 (0.2–1.3) | 0.19 |
| Counts of CD4+ T cell, n/μl | Day 0 | 12 | 289.5 (262.3, 339.3) | 18 | 340 (203, 375) | — | 0.29 |
| Counts of CD4+ T cell, n/μl | Day 7 | 12 | 638 (452.3, 746.5) | 9 | 493 (281.5, 641.5) | — | 0.17 |
| Increase of CD4+ T cell, n/μl | Day 0 to day 7 | 12 | 334 (191.9, 409.3) | 9 | 151 (43.5, 240) | — | 0.04 |
| Patients with CD8 + T cell deficiency (<190/μL) on day 0, n/total | Day 0 | 4 | 4/55 | 9 | 9/55 | 0.4 (0.1–1.4) | 0.14 |
| Counts of CD8+ cell, n/μl | Day 0 | 4 | 143 (95.5, 163.5) | 9 | 125 (108, 166) | — | >0.9 |
| Counts of CD8+ cell, n/μl | Day 7 | 4 | 240 (215.5, 346.3) | 6 | 287 (147, 339.5) | — | >0.9 |
| Increase of CD8+ T cell, n/μl | Day 0 to Day 7 | 4 | 123 (65, 211.8) | 6 | 153 (51.5, 242.9) | — | 0.76 |
| Patients with lymphocyte deficiency (<1.1 *10^9/L) on Day 0, n/total, % | Day 0 | 13 | 13/55, 23.6 | 19 | 19/55, 34.5 | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 0.21 |
| Counts of lymphocyte, n*10^9/L | Day 0 | 13 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 19 | 0.8 (0.7, 1) | — | 0.22 |
| Counts of lymphocyte, n*10^9/L | Day 7 | 13 | 1.4 (1.2, 1.9) | 18 | 1.2 (0.7, 1.6) | — | 0.11 |
| Increase of lymphocyte, n*10^9/L | Day 0 to Day 7 | 13 | 0.5 (0.4, 1.1) | 18 | 0.35 (-0.02, 0.76) | — | 0.09 |
The COVID-19 patients with a deficiency of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and lymphocytes on Day 0 were selected. The increases in these immune cells from Day 0 to Day 7 were compared between the HDIVC and control group. IQR, interquartile range; RR, relative risk; CI, confidential interval; HDIVC, high dose intravenous vitamin C; Day 0, the day on admission; Day 3, 3–4 days after admission; Day 7, 6–7 days after admission. P, HDIVC vs control group.