Figure 2.

The regulation of drug resistant CSCs. The niche factors activates several self-renewal pathways like HIF1α, WNT, Hedgehog or TGF-β that regulate chemoresistance in a β-catenin dependent way. Other self-renewal markers like CD44 and CD133 can also regulate chemoresistance. CD133 regulates β-catenin, while CD44 regulates Hippo signaling (YAP/TAZ) to induce chemoresistance. The transcription complexes indicated in the figure results in the up-regulation of molecules like ALDH and MDR proteins including ABCG2.