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. 2021 Apr 22;11:669250. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669250

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Copyright © 2021 Mohan, Raj R., Mohan, K. P. and Maliekal

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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ALDH1A1 in the regulation of CSC properties Both classical and non-classical pathways initiated by Retinol regulate stemness. Retinoic acid (RA) binds to its nuclear receptor RARα and activates their target genes for differentiation. When RA binds to PPARβ/δ/RXR or RARα/ERα, genes related to survival and stemness are up-regulated. The balance of these pathways maintain CSC self-renewal and differentiation. The enzyme activity of ALDH1A1, results in the detoxification of chemotherapeutic drugs to impart chemoresistance.