TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics in patients with and without the use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
| Variable | Before propensity score matching | After propensity score matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-HT3RA group (n = 105) | Control group (n = 314) | p value | 5-HT3RA group (n = 67) | Control group (n = 67) | p value | |
| Gender | 0.093 | 0.213 | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 65 (61.9%) | 222 (70.7%) | 45 (67.2%) | 38 (56.7%) | ||
| Female, n (%) | 40 (38.1%) | 92 (29.3%) | 22 (32.8%) | 29 (43.3%) | ||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 47.60 ± 14.55 | 46.98 ± 13.23 | 0.687 | 47.36 ± 14.85 | 50.43 ± 12.89 | 0.203 |
| Ethnic | 0.337 | 0.496 | ||||
| The han nationality | 105 (100%) | 309 (98.4%) | 67 (100%) | 65 (97.0%) | ||
| Non-han nationality | 0 | 5 (1.5%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | ||
| Etiology | 0.104 | 0.589 | ||||
| HAV, n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| HBV, n (%) | 61 (58.1%) | 173 (55.1%) | 38 (56.7%) | 40 (59.7%) | ||
| HCV, n (%) | 0 | 4 (1.3%) | 0 | 2 (3.0%) | ||
| HEV, n (%) | 0 | 3 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Drug-induced, n (%) | 13 (12.4%) | 42 (13.4%) | 10 (14.9%) | 5 (7.5%) | ||
| Alcoholic, n (%) | 2 (1.9%) | 23 (7.3%) | 1 (1.5%) | 2 (3.0%) | ||
| Acute mushroom poisoning | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 1 (1.5%) | ||
| Severe infection, n (%) | 6 (5.7%) | 3 (1.0%) | 6 (9.0%) | 3 (4.5%) | ||
| Autoimmune liver disease | 2 (1.9%) | 8 (2.5%) | 1 (1.5%) | 3 (4.5%) | ||
| Cholestatic liver disease, n (%) | 2 (1.9%) | 7 (2.2%) | 2 (3.0%) | 2 (3.0%) | ||
| Hepatolenticular degeneration | 0 | 2 (0.6%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Budd-chiari syndrome, n (%) | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 1 (1.5%) | ||
| Unknown reason, n (%) | 18 (17.1%) | 47 (15%) | 9 (13.4%) | 8 (11.9%) | ||
| Classification of liver failure | 0.907 | 0.992 | ||||
| ALF, n (%) | 10 (9.5%) | 36 (11.5%) | 9 (13.4%) | 8 (11.9%) | ||
| SALF, n (%) | 22 (21.0%) | 71 (22.6%) | 12 (17.9%) | 13 (19.4%) | ||
| CLF, n (%) | 11 (10.5%) | 33 (10.5%) | 6 (9.0%) | 6 (9.0%) | ||
| ACLF, n (%) | 62 (59.0%) | 174 (55.4%) | 40 (59.7%) | 40 (59.7%) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 12 (11.4%) | 20 (6.4%) | 0.091 | 7 (10.4%) | 7 (10.4%) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 3 (2.9%) | 34 (10.8%) | 0.013 | 3 (4.5%) | 5 (7.5%) | 0.718 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 37 (35.2%) | 136 (43.3%) | 0.146 | 28 (41.8%) | 25 (37.3%) | 0.596 |
| Drinking habit, n (%) | 28 (26.7%) | 107 (34.1%) | 0.160 | 20 (29.9%) | 17 (25.4%) | 0.562 |
| Nausea and vomiting symptoms | 75 (71.4%) | 55 (17.5%) | <0.001 | 38 (56.7%) | 35 (52.2%) | 0.603 |
| Complication | ||||||
| Bleeding, n (%) | 42 (40.0%) | 74 (23.6%) | 0.001 | 25 (37.3%) | 20 (29.9%) | 0.360 |
| Ascites, n (%) | 75 (71.4%) | 205 (65.3%) | 0.247 | 45 (67.2%) | 42 (62.7%) | 0.587 |
| Secondary infection, n (%) | 91 (86.7%) | 228 (72.6%) | 0.003 | 58 (86.6%) | 58 (86.6%) | 1.000 |
| HE, n (%) | 34 (32.4%) | 87 (27.7%) | 0.360 | 22 (33.8%) | 24 (35.8%) | 0.716 |
| Hepatorenal syndrome, n (%) | 15 (14.3%) | 21 (6.7%) | 0.016 | 6 (9.0%) | 9 (13.4%) | 0.411 |
| Hepatopulmonary syndrome n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0.439 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Electrolyte disturbance, n (%) | 42 (40.0%) | 118 (37.6%) | 0.659 | 27 (40.3%) | 22 (32.8%) | 0.370 |
| Encephaledema,n (%) | 4 (3.8%) | 13 (4.1%) | 1.000 | 3 (4.5%) | 3 (4.5%) | 1.000 |
| Artificial liver support treatment | ||||||
| PE, n (%) | 53 (50.5%) | 104 (33.1%) | 0.001 | 29 (43.3%) | 26 (38.8%) | 0.598 |
| PA, n (%) | 8 (7.6%) | 32 (10.2%) | 0.438 | 4 (6.0%) | 3 (4.5%) | 1.000 |
| CRRT, n (%) | 17 (16.2%) | 27 (8.6%) | 0.028 | 9 (13.4%) | 10 (14.9%) | 0.804 |
| Antiviral therapy, n (%) | 61 (58.1%) | 167 (53.2%) | 0.382 | 41 (61.2%) | 36 (53.7%) | 0.382 |
| Antiviral drugs used | 0.574 | 0.508 | ||||
| ETV, n (%) | 51 (48.6%) | 144 (45.9%) | 29 (43.8%) | 33 (49.3%) | ||
| TAF, n (%) | 2 (1.9%) | 3 (1.0%) | 2 (3.0%) | 1 (1.5%) | ||
| TDF, n (%) | 3 (2.9%) | 3 (1.0%) | 3 (4.5%) | 0 | ||
| adefovir, n (%) | 0 | 2 (0.6%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Lamivudine, n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 7 (2.2%) | 1 (1.5%) | 1 (1.5%) | ||
| Anti-infective treatment, n (%) | 101 (96.2%) | 254 (80.9%) | <0.001 | 63 (94.0%) | 63 (94.0%) | 1.000 |
| MELD score (mean ± SD) | 22.01 ± 7.59 | 21.99 ± 8.03 | 0.986 | 22.87 ± 7.43 | 23.48 ± 8.53 | 0.659 |
ACLF, acute on chronic liver failure; ALF, acute liver failure; CLF, chronic liver failure; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ETV, entecavir; HAV, 5-HT3RA, 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; hepatitis A virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; HEV, hepatitis E virus; MELD score, Model For End-Stage Liver disease score; PA, plasma adsorption; PE, plasma exchange; SALF, subacute liver failure; SD, standard deviation; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.