Table. Trends in Age-Adjusted Overdose Death Rates per 100 000 (95% CI) Involving Methamphetamine^a Among Adults Aged 25-54 Years by Sex and Race and Ethnicity.

	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	Trends
Men
Overall US men	1.8 (1.7 to 1.9)	2.1 (2.0 to 2.2)	2.9 (2.8 to 3.1)	3.5 (3.3 to 3.6)b	4.6 (4.4 to 4.8)	6.1 (5.9 to 6.3)	8.3 (8.0 to 8.5)	10.1 (9.9 to 10.4)	2011-2014: APC = 26.4 (14.5 to 39.4); P = .005	2014-2018: APC = 31.2 (27.1 to 35.4); P < .001		2011-2018: AAPC = 29.1 (25.5 to 32.8); P < .001
Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native	5.6 (3.7 to 8.1)	6.9 (4.8 to 9.7)	7.6 (5.4 to 10.4)	11.7 (9.0 to 15.1)	12.2 (9.3 to 15.6)	16.9 (13.6 to 20.9)	19.0 (15.3 to 23.2)	26.4 (21.9 to 31.9)	2011-2018: APC = AAPC = 24.2 (23.0 to 25.5); P < .001
Non-Hispanic White	2.2 (2.1 to 2.4)	2.5 (2.4 to 2.7)	3.6 (3.4 to 3.8)	4.2 (4.0 to 4.4)b	5.5 (5.2 to 5.7)	7.5 (7.2 to 7.8)	10.5 (10.2 to 10.8)	12.6 (12.3 to 13.0)	2011-2014: APC = 25.6 (8.3 to 45.6); P = .02	2014-2018: APC = 33.0 (26.6 to 39.7); P < .001		2011-2018: AAPC = 29.8 (24.3 to 35.4); P < .001
Non-Hispanic Black	0.6 (0.5 to 0.8)	0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)	1.4 (1.1 to 1.6)	1.5 (1.2 to 1.8)	2.3 (2.0 to 2.7)	3.4 (3.0 to 3.8)	4.6 (4.1 to 5.1)	6.4 (5.9 to 7.0)	2011-2018: APC = AAPC = 41.4 (39.5 to 43.2); P < .001
Non-Hispanic Asian	1.1 (0.7 to 1.5)	1.5 (1.2 to 2.0)	1.3 (1.0 to 1.7)	1.3 (1.0 to 1.7)b	2.0 (1.6 to 2.5)	2.2 (1.7 to 2.7)	3.0 (2.4 to 3.5)	3.4 (2.9 to 4.0)	2011-2014: APC = 5.0 (–15.6 to 30.8); P = .53	2014-2018: APC = 25.1 (15.8 to 35.1); P = .003		2011-2018: AAPC = 16.1 (8.9 to 23.7); P < .001
Hispanic	1.4 (1.2 to 1.6)	1.7 (1.4 to 1.9)	2.3 (2.0 to 2.5)	2.6 (2.3 to 2.9)	3.4 (3.1 to 3.7)	4.2 (3.8 to 4.6)	5.2 (4.8 to 5.6)	6.6 (6.1 to 7.0)	2011-2018: APC = AAPC = 24.8 (24.4 to 25.3); P < .001
Women
Overall US women	0.8 (0.8 to 0.9)	1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)	1.3 (1.2 to 1.4)	1.5 (1.4 to 1.6)	2.0 (1.9 to 2.1)b	2.6 (2.4 to 2.7)	3.6 (3.5 to 3.8)	4.5 (4.3 to 4.7)	2011-2015: APC = 24.4 (18.0 to 31.2); P < .001	2015-2018: APC = 33.2 (26.2 to 40.6); P < .001	2011-2018: AAPC = 28.1 (25.1 to 31.2); P < .001	2012-2018: AAPC = 28.9 (25.1 to 32.8); P < .001
Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native	NA	3.6 (2.2 to 5.5)	5.8 (3.9 to 8.3)	5.4 (3.6 to 8.0)	8.0 (5.8 to 10.8)b	9.4 (6.9 to 12.3	13.9 (10.9 to 17.4)	15.6 (12.3 to 19.4)	2012-2015: APC = 22.4 (–11.4 to 69.0); P = .12	2015-2018: APC = 30.5 (7.3 to 58.7); P = .03		2012-2018: AAPC = 26.4 (15.9 to 37.7); P < .001
Non-Hispanic White	1.1 (1.0 to 1.2)	1.3 (1.2 to 1.4)	1.7 (1.5 to 1.8)	2.0 (1.9 to 2.1)b	2.7 (2.5 to 2.8)	3.6 (3.4 to 3.8)	5.1 (4.8 to 5.3)	6.2 (6.0 to 6.5)	2011-2014: APC = 22.8 (10.4 to 36.6); P = .009	2014-2018: APC = 34.1 (29.5 to 38.9); P < .001	2011-2018: AAPC = 29.1 (25.2 to 33.2); P < .001	2012-2018: AAPC = 30.3 (20.6 to 40.8); P < .001
Non-Hispanic Black	NA	0.2 (0.2 to 0.4)	0.4 (0.3 to 0.6)	0.5 (0.3 to 0.6)	0.5 (0.4 to 0.7)b	0.9 (0.7 to 1.1)	1.2 (1.0 to 1.4)	1.7 (1.4 to 2.0)	2012-2015: APC = 27.8 (4.3 to 56.6); P = .04	2015-2018: APC = 43.6 (29.1 to 59.7); P = .005		2012-2018: AAPC = 35.5 (28.6 to 42.8); P < .001
Non-Hispanic Asian	NA	NA	0.6 (0.4 to 1.0)	NA	0.5 (0.3 to 0.7)	0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)	0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)	1.1 (0.8 to 1.4)	Too few data points to conduct joinpoint trend analysis
Hispanic	0.5 (0.4 to 0.7)	0.6 (0.5 to 0.8)	0.8 (0.6 to 1.0)	0.9 (0.7 to 1.1)	1.3 (1.1 to 1.5)	1.0 (0.8 to 1.2)	1.7 (1.5 to 2.0)	2.0 (1.7 to 2.2)	2011-2018: APC = AAPC = 20.9 (16.7 to 25.3); P < .001		2012-2018: APC = AAPC = 20.4 (15.1 to 26.0); P < .001

Abbreviations: AAPC, average APC; APC, annual percentage change; NA, not applicable because there were too few cases to report reliable estimates.

^aPsychostimulants with abuse potential (predominantly responding to methamphetamine).

^bJoinpoint, which is identified in this year indicating significant changes in nonlinear trends using a bayesian information criterion.