Table 1.
Characteristics of the predictor variables in the four boat classes. Data are mean ± between-crew SD/within-crew SDa.
| Single sculls | Coxless pairs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (M1x) | Women (W1x) | Men (M2-) | Women (W2-) | |
| Time and boat-velocity variables | ||||
| Stroke rate (strokes·min−1) | 34.7 ± 1.7/2.0 | 32.8 ± 1.0/1.8 | 38.1 ± 0.7/1.7 | 35.1 ± 2.0/2.3 |
| Within-stroke velocity range (m·s−1) | 2.27 ± 0.20/0.13 | 2.14 ± 0.12/0.12 | 2.71 ± 0.11/0.12 | 2.30 ± 0.12/0.14 |
| Time from catch to minimum velocity (s) | 0.14 ± 0.03/0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.04/0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.00/0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01/0.03 |
| Distance per stroke (m) | 7.97 ± 0.43/0.33 | 7.65 ± 0.18/0.29 | 7.82 ± 0.19/0.17 | 7.38 ± 0.34/0.28 |
| Gate force variables | ||||
| Mean force (N) | 261 ± 26/21 | 199 ± 17/16 | 503 ± 40/40 | 367 ± 34/38 |
| Power output (W) | 334 ± 33/34 | 223 ± 21/25 | 760 ± 38/92 | 481 ± 43/58 |
| Peak force (N) | 497 ± 68/34 | 371 ± 48/30 | 968 ± 81/65 | 694 ± 97/68 |
| Rate of force development (N·s−1) | 960 ± 190/100 | 760 ± 270/190 | 1980 ± 240/190 | 1450 ± 270/200 |
| Time to peak force from the catch (s) | 0.43 ± 0.07/0.04 | 0.39 ± 0.04/0.04 | 0.36 ± 0.03/0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.07/0.05 |
| Mean to peak force ratio | 1.90 ± 0.13/0.08 | 1.87 ± 0.13/0.06 | 1.88 ± 0.16/0.06 | 1.89 ± 0.13/0.08 |
| Peak force angle (°) | −20.1 ± 5.2/4.0 | −28.5 ± 6.4/4.3 | −14.5 ± 3.1/3.0 | −18.5 ± 4.2/2.9 |
| Gate angle variables | ||||
| Catch slip (°) | 7.7 ± 3.0/1.8 | 9.7 ± 2.8/1.8 | 3.7 ± 3.2/1.2 | 5.6 ± 3.6/2.3 |
| Finish slip (°) | 14.1 ± 3.0/1.6 | 18.1 ± 3.5/2.1 | 8.5 ± 2.9/1.0 | 8.5 ± 2.0/1.5 |
| Finish angle (°) | 43.5 ± 2.3/1.4 | 44.2 ± 3.1/1.3 | 33.2 ± 1.1/1.4 | 32.4 ± 1.7/1.2 |
| Arc angle (°) | 105.4 ± 5.2/2.5 | 106.0 ± 3.2/2.2 | 82.0 ± 2.3/1.2 | 80.4 ± 3.5/2.8 |
| Catch angle (°) | −62.0 ± 5.2/1.8 | −61.8 ± 2.3/1.3 | −48.8 ± 2.8/1.7 | −48 ± 3.8/2.0 |
M1x, men's single scull; W1x, women's single scull; M2-, men's coxless pairs; W2- women's coxless pairs.
a
Mean is the mean of the crew means, between-crew SD is the SD of the crew means, and within-crew SD is the mean of the crews' SDs across their one to the three races (~250 to ~750 strokes).
Number of crews: 10, 8, 3, and 6 respectively.
Number of races: 17, 13, 5, and 12 respectively.