Table 1.

Description of variables

Variables	Description
Household expenditure (CNT)	Total consumption expenditure of a household.
OOP medical expenditure (CNY)	Total out-of-pocket medical expenditure of a household.
Food expenditure (CNY)	Total food consumption expenditure of a household.
Household income (CNY)	The annual household income per capita.
Household size	The number of household members.
Inpatient	At least one household member received inpatient services in last year; Yes = 1; No = 0a.
Household members aged<=5	At least one household member below 5 years old; Yes = 1; No = 0a.
Household members aged> = 60	At least one household member over 60 years old; Yes = 1; No = 0a.
Geographic location	East = 1a; Central = 2; West = 3.
Gender of household head	Female = 0a; Male = 1.
Education of household head	Illiterate = 1a; Primary school = 2; Middle school = 3; High school and above = 4.
Marriage of household head	Married = 1; Unmarried = 0a.
Self-assessed health status of household head	Unhealthy = 0a; Healthy = 1.
Basic medical insurance	No medical insurance = 1a; UEBMI = 2; URBMI = 3; NRCMS = 4; Two kind of medical insurance = 5
SMI	The household head is covered by SMI; Yes = 1; No = 0a.

Note: ^a Reference group; OOP Out-of-pocket; UEBMI Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance, URBMI Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance, NRCMS New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme, SMI Supplementary medical insurance