Trials of intralesional interferons
Study	Intervention	Results	Outcome
Berman 1986	IFN‐alpha vs placebo	Results suggest that IFN‐alpha is an effective treatment	Cure in 2/4 (50%) vs 1/4 (25%) at 8 weeks
Horn 2005	Intralesional skin test antigen vs antigen + IFN‐alpha vs IFN‐alpha vs saline	Intralesional immunotherapy is an effective treatment for warts. Interferon did not significantly enhance the response rate and did not differ from normal saline	57/95 (60%) antigen vs 25/106 (24%), saline, or IFN had resolution of at least 1 wart
Lee 1990	IFN‐gamma: high‐dose vs low‐dose vs placebo	Significantly higher response rate with high‐dose interferon but also a higher rate of systemic side‐effects	Cure in 20/36 (56%) vs 16/53 (30%) vs 6/36 (17%) at 4 weeks. Fever in 71% and 25% of high‐dose and low‐dose groups
Niimura 1990	IFN‐beta vs placebo	IFN‐beta significantly better than placebo. No adverse effects	Cure in 42/64 (66%) vs 7/64 (11%) at 10 weeks
Pazin 1982	IFN‐alpha vs placebo	IFN‐alpha significantly better than placebo	Cure in 5/12 (42%) vs 0/4 (0%) warts at 15.5 weeks
Vance 1986	IFN‐alpha: high‐dose vs low‐dose vs placebo	No significant difference between any of the groups	Cure in 4/30 (13%) vs 7/32 (22%) vs 8/38 (21%) at 12 weeks
Varnavides 1997	IFN‐alpha vs placebo	No significant differences	Cure in 12/23 (52%) vs 12/19 (63%) at 24 weeks