Fig. 4.
AFM images and AFM-measured height distributions of concentrated maleic acid (MA) hydrolysis M-CNCs (a–d) and M-CNFs (e–h) produced from bleached eucalyptus pulp fibers under various concentrated MA hydrolysis severities: CHFG = 1.0, 4.1; 6.8, 20.4 for a–d (CNCs), respectively; CHFG = 0.01, 0.09; 1.12, 2.04 for e–h (M-CNFs), respectively. The M-CNF shown in e–h were produced using only one pass through a microfluidizer. Scale bar = 500 nm for a–d and h, = 2 μm for e–g.
Reproduced with permission from Wang et al. [146] © Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim