Table 2.

Outcomes of included studies

Outcomes	Terms	HR (95%CI)	Heterogenicity	Heterogenicity	Effect size	Effect size2
			P	I2 (%)	Z	P
pCR	6	0.62 (0.27, 1.41)	0.01	66	1.15	0.25
R0 Resection	3	1.24 (0.78, 1.98)	0.93	0	0.91	0.36
sphincter preservation	5	1.87 (1.24, 2.81)	0.20	35	3.01	0.003
Response	4	0.46 (0.27, 0.76)	0.02	68	3.02	0.003
N downstaging rates	3	1.20 (0.25, 5.79)	<0.001	90	0.23	0.82
T downstaging rates	3	0.67 (0.52, 0.87)	0.36	2	2.99	0.003
Local relapse rate	3	1.12 (0.58, 2.14)	0.86	0	0.33	0.74
Distant metastases rate	2	0.84 (0.31, 2.27)	0.23	31	0.35	0.73

Note: pCR pathologic complete response, HR (95%CI), hazard rate (95% confidence interval)