Table 4.
Univariate analysis
| Variable | Hospital mortality | Severe pneumonia | Intubation |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | |
| Male sex | 1.25 (1.07–1.45) p=0.004 | 1.34 (1.13–1.58) p=0.001 | 1.34 (1.11–1.63) p=0.003 |
| Age per 10 years | 1.64 (1.55–1.75) p<0.001 | 1.08 (1.03–1.14) p=0.004 | 0.99 (0.93–1.04) p=0.609 |
| BMI ≥25(2) | 0.75 (0.64–0.89) p=0.001 | 1.28 (1.05–1.55) p=0.015 | 1.64 (1.29–2.10) p<0.001 |
| BMI ≥30(2) | 0.80 (0.68–0.93) p=0.003 | 1.35 (1.14–1.59) p<0.001 | 1.62 (1.34–1.96) p<0.001 |
| BMI ≥35(2) | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) p=0.125 | 1.44 (1.18–1.76) p<0.001 | 1.54 (1.23–1.92) p<0.001 |
| BMI ≥40(2) | 0.91 (0.69–1.19) p=0.477 | 1.38 (1.05–1.82) p=0.023 | 1.47 (1.08–2.00) p=0.015 |
| BMI <18.5(3) | 1.52 (0.95–2.42) p=0.078 | 0.71 (0.37–1.37) p=0.307 | 0.56 (0.22–1.43) p=0.229 |
| 25–29.9(3) | 0.85 (0.69–1.03) p=0.097 | 1.07 (0.85–1.35) p=0.575 | 1.27 (0.95–1.69) p=0.101 |
| 30–34.9(3) | 0.73 (0.59–0.91) p=0.005 | 1.24 (0.97–1.59) p=0.081 | 1.71 (1.28–2.29) p<0.001 |
| 35–39.9(3) | 0.73 (0.55–0.96) p=0.026 | 1.56 (1.16–2.10) p=0.003 | 1.96 (1.39–2.78) p<0.001 |
| ≥ 40(3) | 0.77 (0.57–1.04) p=0.094 | 1.57 (1.14–2.15) p=0.006 | 2.00 (1.38–2.90) p<0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2.07 (1.62–2.66) p<0.001 | 1.34 (1.01–1.78) p=0.041 | 0.83 (0.57–1.20) p=0.320 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.54 (1.18–2.02) p=0.002 | 1.11 (0.82–1.52) p=0.494 | 0.91 (0.63–1.33) p=0.638 |
| Diabetes | 1.27 (1.09–1.48) p=0.002 | 1.35 (1.14–1.59) p<0.001 | 1.17 (0.96–1.41) p=0.120 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.95 (1.61–2.37) p<0.001 | 1.64 (1.33–2.03) p<0.001 | 1.21 (0.94–1.56) p=0.142 |
| ESRD | 1.32 (0.93–1.87) p=0.122 | 1.73 (1.21–2.48) p=0.003 | 1.01 (0.63–1.61) p=0.982 |
| COPD | 2.34 (1.71–3.20) p<0.001 | 1.40 (0.98–2.00) p=0.062 | 1.18 (0.77–1.80) p=0.440 |
| Tobacco use | 1.39 (1.03–1.86) p=0.029 | 1.22 (0.88–1.68) p=0.237 | 1.03 (0.69–1.52) p=0.889 |
| Hypertension | 1.23 (1.05–1.43) p=0.011 | 1.02 (0.86–1.20) p=0.861 | 0.85 (0.70–1.03) p=0.095 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.28 (1.10–1.48) p=0.001 | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) p=0.643 | 0.90 (0.74–1.09) p=0.293 |
| Asthma | 1.00 (0.77–1.29) p=0.988 | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) p=0.749 | 1.03 (0.74–1.42) p=0.881 |
| HIV | 0.91 (0.55–1.53) p=0.732 | 1.26 (0.75–2.12) p=0.389 | 1.23 (0.67–2.25) p=0.499 |
| Cirrhosis | 1.90 (1.02–3.56) p=0.044 | 1.83 (0.94–3.55) p=0.074 | 1.27 (0.56–2.89) p=0.565 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2.05 (1.45–2.89) p<0.001 | 1.45 (0.98–2.13) p=0.061 | 1.04 (0.64–1.69) p=0.874 |
| CVA or TIA | 1.68 (1.21–2.33) p=0.002 | 1.17 (0.81–1.72) p=0.393 | 0.71 (0.43–1.19) p=0.206 |
| Interleukin-6 per 10 pg/mL | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) p<0.001 | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) p=0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) p=0.002 |
(1) BMI in kg/m2; (2) dichotomous variables, reference groups: BMI <25, <30, <35, and <40 kg/m2, respectively; (3) ordinal variable, reference group: BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; (4) age was analyzed as a continuous variable, and 10 years was used as a unit of time for easier interpretation of OR (95% CI)
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, ESRD end-stage renal disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV human immunodeficiency virus infection, CVA cerebrovascular accident, TIA transient ischemic attack