Table 5.
Multivariate analysis for the primary and secondary outcomes
| Panel A: Mortality | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 |
| n=3499 | n=3499 | n=3499 | n=3499 | n=1564 | |
| OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | |
| Male sex | 1.57 (1.33–1.85) p < 0.001 | 1.58 (1.34–1.87) p < 0.001 | 1.56 (1.32–1.84) p < 0.001 | 1.61 (1.36–1.90) p < 0.001 | 1.43 (1.09–1.88) p=0.010 |
| Age per 10 years | 1.74 (1.62–1.87) p < 0.001 | 1.75 (1.63–1.88) p < 0.001 | 1.74 (1.62–1.86) p < 0.001 | 1.77 (1.64–1.90) p < 0.001 | 1.77 (1.57–1.99) p < 0.001 |
| BMI ≥30 | 1.27 (1.07–1.51) p=0.006 | ||||
| BMI ≥35 | 1.49 (1.20–1.85) p < 0.001 | ||||
| BMI ≥40 | 1.68 (1.23–2.29) p=0.001 | ||||
| BMI <18.5(2) | 1.38 (0.82–2.30) p=0.221 | 0.86 (0.33–2.22) p=0.753 | |||
| 25–29.9(2) | 1.07 (0.86–1.32) p=0.543 | 1.17 (0.83–1.65) p=0.363 | |||
| 30–34.9(2) | 1.17 (0.92–1.49) p=0.195 | 1.40 (0.96–2.05) p=0.077 | |||
| 35–39.9(2) | 1.44 (1.06–1.96) p=0.020 | 1.36 (0.81–2.26) p=0.243 | |||
| ≥ 40(2) | 1.92 (1.35–2.72) p < 0.001 | 1.81 (1.05–3.13) p=0.033 | |||
| Interleukin-6 per 10pg/mL | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) p < 0.001 | ||||
| Panel B: Severe pneumonia | |||||
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 |
| n=3499 | n=3499 | n=3499 | n=3499 | n=1564 | |
| OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | |
| Male sex | 1.49 (1.25–1.78) p < 0.001 | 1.48 (1.25–1.77) p < 0.001 | 1.43 (1.21–1.70) p < 0.001 | 1.52 (1.28–1.82) p < 0.001 | 1.43 (1.09–1.89) p=0.011 |
| Age per 10 years | 1.12 (1.05–1.19) p<0.001 | 1.11 (1.05–1.18) p < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) p=0.002 | 1.14 (1.07–1.21) p < 0.001 | 1.06 (0.96–1.17) p=0.215 |
| BMI ≥30 | 1.57 (1.31–1.87) p < 0.001 | ||||
| BMI ≥35 | 1.71 (1.38–2.11) p < 0.001 | ||||
| BMI ≥40 | 1.61 (1.21–2.15) p=0.001 | ||||
| BMI <18.5(2) | 0.71 (0.36–1.38) p=0.311 | 0.20 (0.01–4.88) p=0.325 | |||
| 25–29.9(2) | 1.13 (0.89–1.44) p=0.312 | 1.21 (0.82–1.79) p=0.336 | |||
| 30–34.9(2) | 1.44 (1.11–1.87) p=0.006 | 1.69 (1.13–2.53) p=0.011 | |||
| 35–39.9(2) | 1.97 (1.44–2.69) p < 0.001 | 1.61 (0.96–2.70) p=0.073 | |||
| ≥40(2) | 2.10 (1.49–2.97) p < 0.001 | 2.29 (1.34–3.92) p=0.002 | |||
| Interleukin-6 per 10pg/mL | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) p=0.001 | ||||
| Panel C: Intubation | |||||
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 |
| n=3530 | n=3530 | n=3530 | n=3530 | n=1574 | |
| OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | OR (95% CI), p-value | |
| Male sex | 1.48 (1.21–1.81) p < 0.001 | 1.44 (1.18–1.76) p < 0.001 | 1.39 (1.14–1.69) p=0.001 | 1.51 (1.23–1.85) p < 0.001 | 1.45 (1.07–1.97) p=0.016 |
| Age per 10 years | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) p=0.137 | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) p=0.341 | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) p=0.604 | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) p=0.057 | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) p=0.912 |
| BMI ≥30 | 1.77 (1.44–2.18) p < 0.001 | ||||
| BMI ≥35 | 1.68 (1.32–2.13) p < 0.001 | ||||
| BMI ≥40 | 1.58 (1.15–2.18) p=0.005 | ||||
| BMI <18.5(2) | 0.57 (0.22–1.46) p=0.243 | 0.15 (0.00–4.87) p=0.281 | |||
| 25–29.9(2) | 1.31 (0.98–1.75) p=0.066 | 1.53 (0.98–2.41) p=0.064 | |||
| 30–34.9(2) | 1.88 (1.38–2.56) p < 0.001 | 2.09 (1.31–3.35) p=0.002 | |||
| 35–39.9(2) | 2.26 (1.56–3.26) p < 0.001 | 1.84 (1.02–3.31) p=0.041 | |||
| ≥40(2) | 2.43 (1.63–3.61) p < 0.001 | 2.42 (1.33–4.41) p=0.004 | |||
| Interleukin-6 per 10pg/mL | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) p=0.001 | ||||
(1) BMI in kg/m2; (2) reference group, BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; (3) mortality is adjusted for the variables found to have significant univariate associations with congestive heart failure, CAD, diabetes, CKD, COPD, tobacco use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cirrhosis, PAD, and CVA, or TIA; the multivariate associations of these variables with mortality are presented in the Supplementary table 4; (4) severe pneumonia is adjusted for the variables found to have significant univariate associations with congestive heart failure, diabetes, CKD, tobacco use, and ESRD; (5) age was analyzed as a continuous variable, and 10 years was used as a unit of time for easier interpretation of OR (95% CI)
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, CAD coronary artery disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PAD peripheral artery disease, CVA cerebrovascular disease, TIA transient ischemic attack, ESRD end-stage renal disease