Table 2.
Overall characteristics of study participants on the vulnerability-related factors measured during pregnancy, and the bivariate associations between these factors and the presence of one or more CR-PTSD symptoms reported at 1-month postpartum
| Characteristics | Overall N (%) | One or more CR-PTSD symptoms, n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | 3006 (100) | 225 (7.5) |
| Maternal Age | ||
| 18–24 | 811 (27.0) | 70 (8.6) |
| 25–29 | 1193 (39.7) | 88 (7.4) |
| 30–35 | 1002 (33.3) | 67 (6.7) |
| Education | ||
| HS degree or less | 501 (17.7) | 38 (7.6) |
| Some college or technical school | 804 (26.7) | 66 (8.2) |
| College degree or higher | 1701 (56.6) | 121 (7.1) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 2502 (83.2) | 177 (7.1) |
| Black non-Hispanic | 221 (7.4) | 24 (10.9) |
| Hispanic | 166 (5.5) | 11 (6.6) |
| Other | 116 (3.9) | 13 (11.2) |
| Insurance coverage | ||
| Private | 2312 (76.9) | 156 (6.7)** |
| Public | 694 (23.1) | 69 (10.0) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 2117 (70.4) | 138 (6.5)* |
| Living with partner | 544 (18.1) | 55 (10.1) |
| Partner, not living with | 187 (6.2) | 15 (8.0) |
| No partner | 158 (5.3) | 17 (10.8) |
| Pregnancy intendedness | ||
| Yes | 2022 (67.9) | 136 (6.7)* |
| No | 954 (31.7) | 89 (9.3) |
| Trouble paying for basic needs | ||
| Some or a lot of trouble | 624 (20.8) | 72 (11.6)*** |
| No trouble | 2382 (79.2) | 153 (6.4) |
| History of diagnosed anxiety or depression | ||
| Yes | 688 (22.9) | 74 (10.8)*** |
| No | 2318 (77.1) | 151 (6.5) |
| Previous pregnancy loss | ||
| Yes | 478 (15.9) | 40 (8.4) |
| No | 2528 (84.1) | 185 (7.3) |
| Plan to breastfeed | ||
| Yes | 2772 (92.2) | 210 (7.6) |
| No or don’t know | 234 (7.8) | 15 (6.4) |
| Fear of childbirth in pregnancy | ||
| Low (4–8) | 1025 (34.1) | 52 (5.1)*** |
| Medium (9–12) | 1235 (41.1) | 89 (7.2) |
| High (13–20) | 746 (24.8) | 84 (11.3) |
| Edinburgh depression in pregnancy | ||
| 0–12 | 2816 (93.9) | 187 (6.6)*** |
| 13+ (probable depression) | 182 (6.1) | 37 (20.3) |
| Social support in pregnancy | ||
| Low (5–19) | 510 (17.0) | 63 (12.4)*** |
| Medium (20–23) | 1232 (41.0) | 103 (8.4) |
| High (24–25) | 1261 (42.0) | 58 (4.6) |
| Stress in pregnancy | ||
| Low (12–16) | 1066 (35.5) | 36 (3.4)*** |
| Medium (17–20) | 1123 (37.4) | 95 (8.5) |
| High (21+) | 811 (27.0) | 93 (11.5) |
| High-risk pregnancy | ||
| Yes | 1346 (44.8) | 125 (9.3)*** |
| No | 1660 (55.2) | 100 (6.0) |
significance levels:
*
p ≤ 0.05
**
p ≤ 0.01
***
p ≤ 0.001.