Table 2. Overview of sampled cities.
Area and population figures as reported by the Federal Bureau of Statistics [35], with area figures rounded mathematically.
| City | Federate state | Area [km2] (2016) | Population (2019) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Berlin | Berlin | 894 | 3 669 491 |
| Bremen | Bremen | 524 | 567 559 |
| Cologne | North Rhine-Westphalia | 405 | 1 087 863 |
| Dortmund | North Rhine-Westphalia | 281 | 588 250 |
| Dresden | Saxony | 328 | 556 058 |
| Duisburg | North Rhine-Westphalia | 233 | 498 686 |
| Dusseldorf | North Rhine-Westphalia | 217 | 621 877 |
| Essen | Lower Saxony | 210 | 582 760 |
| Frankfurt am Main | Hesse | 248 | 763 380 |
| Hamburg | Hamburg | 755 | 1 847 253 |
| Hannover | Lower Saxony | 204 | 536 925 |
| Leipzig | Saxony | 298 | 593 145 |
| Munich | Bavaria | 311 | 1 484 226 |
| Nuremberg | Bavaria | 186 | 518, 70 |
| Stuttgart | Baden-Wurttemberg | 207 | 635 911 |