Table II.

Decline in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Death, and End‐Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in the AASK Trial^‡

Outcomes ‡	Usual vs. Low BP Goal	Amlodipine vs. Metoprolol	Ramipril vs. Metoprolol	Ramipril vs. Amlodipine*
SBP (achieved)	141 vs. 128	133 vs. 135	135 vs. 135	1354 vs. 133
DBP (achieved)	85 vs. 78	81 vs. 81	82 vs. 81	82 vs. 81
GFR slope analysis	Not definitive	Not definitive	Not definitive	Not definitive
GFR, ESRD, or death (RR)†	−2 (−31 to 20) p=0.85	20 (−10 to 41)	22 (1–38)	38 (14–56)
GFR event or ESRD (RR)†	−2 (−31 to 20)	24 (−9 to 47)	22 (−2 to 41)	40 (14–59)
ESRD alone (RR)†	6 (−29 to 31)	59 (36–74)	22 (−10 to 45)	59 (36–74)
AASK=African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension *Secondary comparison described in previous publication; †all risk reductions (RR) adjusted for prespecified covariates: baseline proteinuria, mean arterial pressure, gender, history of heart disease, and age. Risk difference for ESRD or death composite and ESRD alone also adjusted for baseline GFR; ‡GFR event, ESRD, or death: main secondary composite clinical outcome with 340 events, including 179 declining GFR events, 84 additional participants with ESRD event, and 77 deaths; GFR event or ESRD; composite end point with 263 events, including 179 declining GFR events and 84 additional participants with ESRD events; ESRD or death; composite end point with 251 events, including 171 ESRD events and 80 deaths; and ESRD alone: end point with 171 events and deaths censored in this analysis. Adapted with permission from JAMA. 2002;288:2421–2431. 15