Table 1. Demographic and risk characteristics of study participants by HIV status and sample source.
| Total | HIV positive | OVC-communitya | OPD-facilitya | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | 95% CI | N | % | N | % | |
| Total enrolled | 21,008 | 100 | 76 | 0.36 | (0.29,0.45) | 4857 | 16,151 | ||
| OVC-communitya | 4857 | 23.1 | 22 | 0.45 | (0.28,0.68) | — | — | ||
| OPD-facilitya | 16,151 | 76.9 | 54 | 0.33 | (0.25,0.44) | — | — | ||
| Age group | |||||||||
| 2 to 9 | 11,214 | 53.4 | 36 | 0.32 | (0.22,0.44) | 2330 | 48.0 | 8884 | 55.0 |
| 10 to 19 | 9794 | 46.6 | 40 | 0.41 | (0.29,0.56) | 2527 | 52.0 | 7267 | 45.0 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 9301 | 44.3 | 30 | 0.32 | (0.22,0.46) | 2283 | 47.0 | 7018 | 43.5 |
| Female | 11,707 | 55.7 | 46 | 0.39 | (0.29,0.52) | 2574 | 53.0 | 9133 | 56.5 |
| Emancipation status | |||||||||
| Minor with caregiver | 14,167 | 67.4 | 40 | 0.28 | (0.20,0.38) | 2860 | 58.9 | 11,307 | 70.0 |
| Emancipated | 4458 | 21.2 | 17 | 0.38 | (0.22,0.61) | 351 | 7.2 | 4107 | 25.4 |
| Other | 2383 | 11.3 | 19 | 0.80 | (0.48,1.24) | 1646 | 33.9 | 737 | 4.6 |
| History of HIV testing | |||||||||
| Never | 16,407 | 78.1 | 59 | 0.36 | (0.27,0.46) | 2693 | 55.4 | 13,714 | 84.9 |
| Once | 2885 | 13.7 | 13 | 0.45 | (0.24,0.77) | 1442 | 29.7 | 1443 | 1.0 |
| Twice or more | 1716 | 8.2 | 4 | 0.23 | (0.06,0.60) | 722 | 14.9 | 994 | 6.2 |
| HIV risk screening items | |||||||||
| Ever hospitalized | |||||||||
| No | 15,342 | 73.2 | 41 | 0.27 | (0.19,0.36) | 4219 | 87.1 | 11,123 | 69.1 |
| Yes | 5612 | 26.8 | 35 | 0.62 | (0.43,0.87) | 627 | 12.9 | 4985 | 30.9 |
| Recurring skin condition | |||||||||
| No | 19,916 | 94.9 | 60 | 0.30 | (0.23,0.39) | 4570 | 94.3 | 15,346 | 95.1 |
| Yes | 1067 | 5.1 | 16 | 1.48 | (0.86,2.42) | 278 | 5.7 | 789 | 4.9 |
| Poor health last 3 months | |||||||||
| No | 19,852 | 94.5 | 62 | 0.31 | (0.24,0.40) | 4514 | 93.0 | 15,338 | 95.0 |
| Yes | 1145 | 5.5 | 14 | 1.21 | (0.67,2.04) | 339 | 7.0 | 806 | 5.0 |
| Malnourished | |||||||||
| No | 20,721 | 98.8 | 67 | 0.32 | (0.25,0.41) | 4750 | 98.2 | 15,971 | 98.9 |
| Yes | 257 | 1.2 | 8 | 3.02 | (1.35,6.04) | 85 | 1.8 | 172 | 1.1 |
| Cough ≥1 month | |||||||||
| No | 20,254 | 96.5 | 65 | 0.32 | (0.25,0.41) | 4446 | 91.7 | 15,808 | 97.9 |
| Yes | 734 | 3.5 | 10 | 1.34 | (0.65,2.49) | 403 | 8.3 | 331 | 2.1 |
| Abused (history/current) | |||||||||
| No | 20,731 | 98.9 | 75 | 0.36 | (0.28,0.45) | 4735 | 98.1 | 15,996 | 99.2 |
| Yes | 228 | 1.1 | 1 | 0.44 | (0.01,2.42) | 93 | 1.9 | 135 | 0.8 |
| TB in household | |||||||||
| No | 19,579 | 93.4 | 63 | 0.32 | (0.25,0.41) | 4137 | 85.7 | 15,442 | 95.7 |
| Yes | 1384 | 6.6 | 13 | 0.93 | (0.50,1.61) | 690 | 14.3 | 694 | 4.3 |
| Chronic ill family member | |||||||||
| No | 19,538 | 93.1 | 65 | 0.33 | (0.26,0.42) | 4162 | 86.0 | 15,376 | 95.2 |
| Yes | 1446 | 6.9 | 11 | 0.75 | (0.38,1.36) | 679 | 14.0 | 767 | 4.8 |
| Biological relative HIV | |||||||||
| No | 18,739 | 89.8 | 54 | 0.29 | (0.22,0.38) | 3828 | 80.4 | 14,911 | 92.6 |
| Yes | 2130 | 10.2 | 20 | 0.93 | (0.57,1.45) | 935 | 19.6 | 1195 | 7.4 |
| Biological relative died | |||||||||
| No | 17,371 | 82.9 | 51 | 0.29 | (0.22,0.29) | 3441 | 71.3 | 13,930 | 86.4 |
| Yes | 3590 | 17.1 | 24 | 0.66 | (0.43,0.99) | 1388 | 28.7 | 2202 | 13.6 |
| Sexual activity (10–19 only) | |||||||||
| Not sexually active | 4800 | 52.9 | 18 | 0.37 | (0.22,0.59) | 1684 | 88.0 | 3116 | 43.5 |
| Sexually active | 4277 | 47.1 | 18 | 0.42 | (0.25,0.66) | 230 | 12.0 | 4047 | 56.4 |
| Missing | 717 | 4 | 0.55 | (0.15,1.42) | 613 | 104 | |||
| Has a child/pregnancy (10–19 only) b | |||||||||
| No history child | 7414 | 85.2 | 26 | 0.35 | (0.22 0.51) | 1474 | 95.8 | 5940 | 82.9 |
| Has child/pregnant | 1286 | 14.8 | 9 | 0.69 | (0.32,1.32) | 64 | 4.2 | 1222 | 17.1 |
| Missing | 1094 | 5 | 0.45 | (0.15,1.06) | 989 | 105 | |||
a OVC = orphan or vulnerable child; OPD = out-patient department.
b Question applicable to males and females (“Does the adolescent have a child of his/her own, or is pregnant?”).