Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the COVID-19 patient cohort.
| Variable | All, n = 203 | Non-severe, n = 106 (52%) | Severe, n = 97 (48%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Age (years) | 62 (51, 74) | 59 (47.8, 72.3) | 67 (58.5, 76) | 0.0011 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 107 (53%) | 48 (44%) | 59 (62%) | 0.0176 |
| Chronology of disease | ||||
| Onset time (days) | 6 (3, 8) | 6 (3, 9) | 6 (3, 8) | 0.7721 |
| Duration of hospitalization (days) | 8.5 (5–19) | 6 (2–9) | 22 (13–33) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 39 (19%) | 16 (15%) | 23 (24%) | 0.1277 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 45 (22%) | 22 (20%) | 23 (24%) | 0.6216 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 81 (40%) | 32 (30%) | 49 (52%) | 0.0022 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 39 (19%) | 17 (16%) | 22 (23%) | 0.2437 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 47 (23%) | 13 (12%) | 34 (36%) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3 (24.2, 31.8) | 26.1 (22.4, 29.1) | 29.4 (25.6, 32.9) | 0.0012 |
| Others comorbidities | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 66 (33%) | 23 (21%) | 43 (45%) | <0.001 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 35 (17%) | 18 (17%) | 17 (18%) | 0.9091 |
| Infectious disease, n (%) | 8 (4%) | 6 (6%) | 2 (2%) | 0.3846 |
| Inflammatory disease, n (%) | 23 (11%) | 13 (12%) | 10 (11%) | 0.9498 |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 6 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 1.0000 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 10 (5%) | 4 (4%) | 6 (6%) | 0.5670 |
| Respiratory disease, n (%) | 44 (22%) | 24 (22%) | 20 (21%) | 1.0000 |
| SARS-CoV-2 viral load | ||||
| ORF1 (Ct value) | 27.5 (23.2, 31.6) | 27.9 (22.9, 31.8) | 27.3 (23.5, 31.1) | 0.7558 |
| E-gene (Ct value) | 28.8 (24, 33.8) | 29.3 (23.8, 34) | 27.9 (24, 32.7) | 0.3727 |
| Biochemical parameters | ||||
| Natremia, mmol/L | 138 (135, 140) | 139 (136, 140) | 136 (134, 139) | 0.0047 |
| Kaliemia, mmol/L | 3.91 (3.63, 4.15) | 3.90 (3.67, 4.08) | 3.91 (3.57, 4.22) | 0.7493 |
| Total proteins, g/L | 72 (67, 76) | 73 (68, 77) | 71 (66, 75) | 0.0090 |
| Albumin, g/L | 28.4 (23.6, 33.3) | 32.2 (28, 36.4) | 24.6 (19.2, 28.4) | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 83.9 (32.9, 163.3) | 57.1 (11, 108.9) | 128.7 (65.7, 199.5) | <0.001 |
| ALP, U/L | 68 (58, 87) | 67 (58, 79) | 70 (59, 102) | 0.1111 |
| AST, U/L | 41 (30, 58) | 36 (29, 46) | 50 (35, 70) | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 28 (18, 45) | 26 (17, 41) | 30 (22, 48) | 0.0264 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 581 (294, 1139) | 367 (169, 708) | 973 (516, 2155) | <0.001 |
| LDH, U/L | 339 (270, 452) | 284 (231, 366) | 392 (332, 516) | <0.001 |
| CK, U/L | 85 (48, 201) | 66 (40, 120) | 118 (60, 305) | <0.001 |
Onset time corresponds to the days between the onset of symptoms and the admission to hospital. Cardiovascular diseases include coronary artery diseases such as angina and myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, valvular heart disease, aortic aneurysms, heart transplant, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, venous thrombosis and stroke. Continuous and discrete variables are presented as median (25th, 75th percentile) and number (%) of patients and analyzed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-squared test, respectively. ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase; ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase; AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase; BMI, Body Mass Index; CK, Creatine Kinase; CRP, C-reactive protein; Ct, Cycle threshold; LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase.