Figure 4.

LTL, PGC-1α expression, and MMP in subgroup of patients without other diseases. (a) AF patients showed significantly shorter LTL compared with controls; (b) the expression of PGC-1α mRNA in leukocytes was significantly reduced in AF patients; (c) the serum PGC-1α concentration was significantly reduced in AF patients; (d) representative pictures of MMP detected by flow cytometry; (e) the MMP of AF patients was significantly decreased when compared with controls. AF: atrial fibrillation; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential.