(a) The preparation of RGD-QD-MoS2 NSs. (b) Ultravioletvisible-near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) absorption spectra of MoS2 NSs, BPM NSs, and RGD-QD-MoS2 NSs. (c) Normalized photoluminescence spectra of RGD-QD-MoS2 NSs. (d) Fluorescence images of HeLa tumor-bearing Balb/c nude mice at different times after i. v. injection of RGD-QD655-MoS2 NSs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [139]. Copyright 2017, Nanoscale. (e) The multiphoton luminescence image of HeLa and HaCaT cells with internalized MoS2 QDs. Excitation wavelength was 700 nm and detection wavelength in the 420–460 nm range. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [140] Copyright 2015, Small. (f) TPL intensity of the MoS2 QDs at 1064 nm excitation. (g) Variation in the TPL intensity with time, indicating that anti-PSMA antibody-attached MoS2 QDs exhibit very good photostability. For this experiment, we used a laser power density of 40 W/cm2. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [141] Copyright 2017, ACS omega.