Fig. 3.

The phase plane for Case (ii) with medium honey-bee production rate, $2\mu A<\alpha <2(\mu +k\gamma )A$. The dashed lines represent the M nullclines along which $g(N,M)=0$ and the solid line represents the N nullcline along which $f(N,M)=0$. The red arrows show the direction of solution trajectories as time increases. The origin is globally asymptotically stable in the strictly positive quadrant