Figure 1. ENPP1 promotes metastasis of chromosomally unstable tumors.
(A) Representative immunofluorescence images of control and ENPP1-depleted MDA-MB-231 CINhigh cells stained with DAPI (DNA) and anti-ENPP1 antibody, scale bar 5μm. (B) Immunohistochemistry of an orthotopically transplanted MBA-MB-231 tumor using anti-ENPP1 antibody. (C) ENPP1 mRNA expression in various stages of lung adenocarcinoma progression, bars represent mean ± s.e.m. (D) Extracellular-to-intracellular cGAMP ratio in 4T1, CT26, and E0771 cells, bars represent median, n = 10 independent experiments, ** p<0.01, two-sided Mann-Whitney test. (E) Overall survival of animals that were orthotopically transplanted by control and Enpp1-knockout 4T1 tumors followed by tumor resection 7 days later, n = 15 animals per condition, significance tested using log-rank test. (F) Left, Quantification of surface lung metastases after tail vein injection of control and Enpp1-knockout 4T1 cells, bars represent median, n = 13–15 animals per condition, **** p<0.0001, two-sided Mann-Whitney test. Right, Representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained lungs from animals injected with control and ENPP1-knockout 4T1 cells, scale bar 3mm. (G) Surface lung metastases after tail vein injection of eGFP and eGFP-ENPP1-expressing CT26 cells, bars represent median, n = 15 animals per condition, **** p < 0.0001, two-sided Mann-Whitney test.