Figure 1. Dietary restriction of Ile or Val, but not Leu, improves metabolic health.
(A) Glucose tolerance of mice after 3 weeks on a Ctrl AA diet, a Low AA diet, a Low BCAA diet, or a Low non-BCAA diet (restricted in all essential AAs except for BCAAs). (B) Change in body weight of mice after 3 weeks, n=16–18/group. (C) Experimental scheme. (D and E) Glucose tolerance (D) and pyruvate tolerance (E) of mice after 3 and 5 weeks on the indicated diets, respectively. (F) Body weight and change in body weight of mice after 12 weeks. (D-F) n = 8–9/group. *p<0.05, Tukey-Kramer test following ANOVA, means with different letters are statistically different. (G) Heatmap of the metabolic effects of each diet; FBG = fasting blood glucose. (H) Glucose tolerance of mice after 3 weeks on a Ctrl AA or a Low Ile diet (n=12–13/group; *p<0.05, Sidak’s test post 2-way RM ANOVA). (I-L) Glucose infusion rate (I), blood glucose level (J), basal and clamp hepatic glucose production (K), and insulin responsiveness (L), were determined during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in mice maintained on a Ctrl AA diet or a Low-Ile diet for 3 weeks (n=6–7/group; *p<0.05, Student’s t-test). Data represented as mean ± SEM.