Uniaxially aligned PCL nanofibers with graded density in biomacromolecular particles. A) SEM images of nanofibers at the positions corresponding to collection times of i, ii) 0 min, iii, iv) 10 min, and v, vi) 20 min, respectively, in which the red dotted ellipses outline the collagen particles. B) Relative fluorescence intensity as a function of distance along the gradient of FITC-BSA-loaded collagen particles that were deposited on the nanofibers. C) Fluorescence image showing the migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the aligned nanofibers coated with density-graded collagen particles. The actin cytoskeleton and vinculin are shown in red and green, respectively, in which the yellow color corresponds to the overlay of red and green. A–C) Adapted with permission.[56] Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH.