Table 2.

α-Glucosidase, α-amylase and glycation inhibition activities of compounds 1–28 isolated from E. subumbrans roots and twigs.

Compound	α-Glucosidase inhibition (IC50, μM)	α-Amylase inhibition (IC50, μM)	Glycation inhibition (IC50, μM)
1	60.8 ± 0.25	Inactive	Inactive
2	Inactive	67.6 ± 1.12	Inactive
3	13.4 ± 0.05	Inactive	Inactive
4	90.8 ± 2.86	Inactive	Inactive
5	99.9 ± 0.38	Inactive	Inactive
6	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
7	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
8	24.5 ± 0.13	Inactive	53.1 ± 1.65
9	29.0 ± 0.05	Inactive	Inactive
10	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
11	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
12	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
13	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
14	Inactive	Inactive	95.6 ± 1.02
15	Inactive	Inactive	83.1 ± 0.94
16	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
17	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
18	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
19	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
20	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
21	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
22	12.8 ± 0.14	Inactive	36.9 ± 0.62
23	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
24	Inactive	Inactive	40.5 ± 0.37
25	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
26	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
27	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
28	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive
Acarbose	76.7 ± 1.42	103.4 ± 0.89	NT
Voglibose	134.2 ± 0.10	201.2 ± 1.94	NT
Quercetin	28.0 ± 0.18	174.3 ± 0.68	59.1 ± 0.78

Inactive at >100 μM.