Equivalence tests. Dex = dextrose; WB = white bread; FOSS = Fossence™; GR = glycemic response; IR = insulinemic response; iAUC = incremental area under the curve. Top Panel: comparisons of the effects of Dex or WB plus FOSS vs Dex or WB alone on glucose and insulin responses (eg. for Dex, % difference = (100% × Dex + FOSSiAUC/DexiAUC) -100, where Dex + FOSSiAUC = mean iAUC for Dex35 + FOSS15 and Dex50 + FOSS15 doses of Dex + FOSS and DexiAUC = mean iAUC for Dex35 and Dex50). Bottom panel: comparisons of the effects of 35g vs 50g available carbohydrate (avCHO) doses of Dex or WB on glucose and insulin responses (eg. for GR after Dex, % difference = (100% × Dex35iAUC/Dex50iAUC) - 80.6, where Dex35iAUC = mean iAUC for Dex35 + FOSS15 and Dex35; Dex50iAUC = mean iAUC for Dex50 + FOSS15 and Dex50; and 80.6 = the expected relative response; see text under Statistical analysis, Phases 2 and 3). Blue and red diamonds are the mean differences for glucose and insulin, respectively, the error bars are the 95% confidence intervals of the differences after excluding outliers (see Table 3) and the blue and red dashed lines are the equivalence margins (±20% of expected relative GR and ±22.8% of expected relative IR).