Table 5.

Correlations Between Changes in Sleep Variables and Changes in Clinical Outcomes, With and Without Controlling for Covariates of Age, Sleep Medication Use, and Program Duration.

	Improvement in Disability (FDI)#	Improvements in Coping (PCQ)#	Improvements in Pain (NRS)#
	r, p	r, p	r, p
Improvements in Insomnia Symptoms (PISI)
Unadjusted	.58, <.001	.72, <.001	.33, .03
Controlling for covariates	.49, <.01	.73, <.001	.23, .16
Improvements in Daytime Sleepiness (ESS)
Unadjusted	.35, .02	.41, <.01	.18, .25
Controlling for covariates	.42, <.01	.45, <.01	.22, .18

Note: Bolded results indicate statistical significance. Age, sleep medication use (Yes [1]/No [0]), and program duration in days were included as covariates. Unadjusted models are available upon request to the corresponding author.

ESS, Epworth sleep scale for children; FDI, Functional disability inventory; NRS, Numeric rating scale; PCQ, Pain coping questionnaire; PISI, Pediatric insomnia severity index.

Correlations between actigrapgy and sleep quality measures with clinical outcomes were not computed because there were no significant changes in actigraphy or sleep quality from admission to discharge.

^#Variables were calculated from a difference between admission and discharge scores and were coded so that positive scores represent improvement over the program and negative scores indicate worsening over the program.