Table 1.
Summary of the demographic factors and microbiological profiles of infectious keratitis in the literature published between 2010 and 2020, categorised into six distinct regions. Only studies that reported more than 500 cases are included.
| Year | Authors | Study period | Region | Total CS | Age (years) | Female (%) | Positive culture (%) | Organismsa | Microbiological profilesb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (%) | F (%) | A (%) | |||||||||
| UK and Europe | |||||||||||
| 2013 | Kaye et al. [23] | 1995–2010 | Liverpool, UK | 2418 | – | – | 35.7 | 100 | 0 | 0 | CoNS (26.3); Enterobacteriaceae (15.3); Streptococci (13.9) |
| 2017 | Tan et al. [9] | 2004–2015 | Manchester, UK | 4229 | 45.9 | – | 32.6 | 90.6 | 7.1 | 2.3 | CoNS (24.4); S. aureus (15.1); Streptococci (13.3) |
| 2018 | Ting et al. [10] | 2008–2017 | Sunderland, UK | 914 | 55.9 ± 21.0 | 52.1 | 46.1 | 91.0 | 4.2 | 4.8 | CoNS (25.9); S. aureus (13.6); Streptococci (12.1) |
| 2019 | Tavassoli et al. [24] | 2006–2017 | Bristol and Bath, UK | 2614 | 47.7 ± 21.2 | 51.1 | 38.1 | 91.6 | 6.9 | 1.4 | CoNS (36.0); Pseudomonas (15.8); Streptococci (7.0) |
| 2020 | Ting et al. [8] | 2007–2019 | Nottingham, UK | 1333 | 49.9 ± 22.2 | 49.6 | 37.7 | 92.8 | 3.0 | 4.2 | Pseudomonas (23.6); S. aureus (15.9); Streptococci (13.5) |
| North America | |||||||||||
| 2017 | Tam et al. [25] | 2000–2015 | Toronto, Canada | 2330 | 41.6 ± 24.0 | 53 | 57.3 | 86.0 | 4.9 | 2.2 | CoNS (37); P aeruginosa (10); Streptococcus spp. (15) |
| 2018 | Peng et al. [26] | 1996–2015 | San Francisco, US | 2203 | – | – | 23.7 | 100 | 0 | 0 | S. aureus (20.1); S. viridans (13.2); Pseudomonas (10.9) |
| 2019 | Kowalski et al. [27]c | 1993–2018 | Pittsburgh, US | 1387 | – | – | 100 | 72.1 | 6.7 | 5.2 | S. aureus (20.3); Pseudomonas (18.0); Streptococci. (8.5) |
| 2020 | Asbell et al. [28]d | 2009–2018 | US | 6091 | – | 46.8 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | S. aureus (35.9); CoNS (29); H. influenza (13) |
| South America | |||||||||||
| 2011 | Cariello et al. [29] | 1975–2007 | Brazil | 6804 | 42.1 ± 21.4 | 40 | 48.6 | 78.9 | 11.0 | 3.6 | CoNS (41.2); S. aureus (33.1); Pseudomonas (18.5) |
| 2013 | Marujo et al. [30] | 2005–2009 | Brazil | 2049 | 45 | 45 | 71.6 | 80.3 | 7.0 | 6 | Staphylococci (52.5); Corynebacterium (14.3); Streptococci (10.1) |
| 2015 | Hernandez-Camarena et al. [31] | 2002–2011 | Mexico | 1638 | 45 | 51.4 | 38.0 | 88 | 12 | 0 | S. epidermis (27.4); Pseudomonas (12.1); S. aureus (9.0) |
| 2016 | Yu et al. [32] | 1975–2010 | Brazil | 859 | – | 42.1 | 40.3 | 100 | 0 | 0 | CoNS (23.8); S. aureus (20.9); Pseudomonas (14.2) |
| Asia | |||||||||||
| 2011 | Rautaraya et al. [33] | 2006–2009 | India | 997 | – | 29.9 | 74.6 | 23.4 | 26.4 | 1.4 | Aspergillus spp. (23.1); Fusarium spp. (19.2); Staphylococci (5.4) |
| 2012 | Lin et al. [34] | 2006–2009 | India | 5221 | – | – | 58 | 35.7 | 63.0 | 1.3 | Fusarium spp. (15.5); S. pneumoniae (7.3); Pseudomonas (5.0) |
| 2013 | Kaliamurthy et al. [35] | 2005–2012 | India | 2170 | 45.7 ± 16.6 | 41.3 | 77 | 37.2 | 22.7 | 1.0 | S. epidermis (44.0); S. aureus (19.5); S. pneumonia (11.6) |
| 2015 | Lalitha et al. [36] | 2002–2012 | India | 23,897 | – | – | 59 | 24.7 | 34.3 | 2.2 | Fusarium spp. (14.5); Aspergillus spp. (8.8); S. pneumoniae (7) |
| 2015 | Wang et al. [37] | 2013–2014 | China | 1000 | – | 31.8 | 53.5 | 0 | 100 | 0 | Aspergillus spp. (53.8); Fusarium spp. (19.3) |
| 2016 | Hsiao et al. [38] | 2003–2012 | Taiwan | 2012 | – | – | 49.3 | 81.1 | 16 | 1.1 | Pseudomonas (24.4); CoNS (16.6); Propionibacterium (9.1) |
| 2017 | Zhang et al. [39] | 2006–2015 | China | 6220 | 45.3 ± 22.1 | 40.6 | 18.2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | S. epidermis (29.3); P. aeruginosa (11); |
| 2018 | Khor et al. [13] | 2012–2014 | Asia | 6626 | 46.0 | 39.2 | 70.7 | 38 | 32.7 | – | Fusarium spp. (18.3); Pseudomonas (10.7); Aspergillus flavus (8.3) |
| 2019 | Acharya et al. [40] | 2015–2017 | India | 1169 | – | – | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | CoNS (46.3); Pseudomonas spp. (16.2); Streptococci (15.5) |
| 2019 | Lin et al. [41] | 2010–2018 | China | 7229 | – | – | 42.8 | 52.7 | 57.6 | 0 | CoNS (28.6); Fusarium spp. (23.5); Aspergillus spp. (12.2) |
| Africa and Middle East | |||||||||||
| 2016 | Politis et al. [42] | 2002–2014 | Israel | 943 | 47.0 ± 25.2 | 47 | 47.9 | 91.8 | 8.2 | 0 | CoNS (32.8); Pseudomonas (19.3); S. pneumonia (13.0) |
| Australasia | |||||||||||
| 2019 | Cabrera-Aguas et al. [43] | 2012–2016 | Sydney, Australia | 1084 | 54 | 48 | 66 | 100 | 0 | 0 | CoNS (45.8); Pseudomonas spp. (12.2); S. aureus (11.7) |
| 2019 | Green et al. [21] | 2005–2015 | Queensland, Australia | 3182 | 53 ± 22.6 | 47.6 | 73.6 | 93.1 | 6.3 | 0.6 | CoNS (33.9); Pseudomonas spp. (17.7); S. aureus (11.2) |
CS corneal scrapes, CoNS coagulase negative staphylococci.
aBreakdown of organisms; B = Bacteria, F = Fungi, A = Acanthamoeba.
bThe three most common microorganisms isolated in the study.
cIncluded all types of ocular infection.
dIncluded all types of ocular infection but restricted to bacterial infection only.