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. 2021 May 6;11:9686. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88956-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TLR4 activation by LPS is required for enhanced antigen-specific CD4⁺ T cell response upon IgE/OVA-induced mast cell activation. (A,B) WT or TLR4-deficient mice were immunized with 2W1S peptide, IgE/OVA, LPS, or a combination of IgE/OVA and LPS. Cervical draining lymph nodes (A) and spleens (B) were analyzed 10 days post immunization for the numbers of 2W1S-specific CD4⁺ T cells. Results shown are cumulative data from 3 independent experiments n = 8–12 mice and shown as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01, **P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.