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. 2021 May 6;11:9733. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89124-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of l-PEI/PEG-mIL12 plasmid DNA nanoparticles with recombinant murine IL-12 protein in a B16F10 Red-FLuc syngeneic, metastatic model of cancer in the lungs of mice using Kaplan Meier survival analysis. (A) Nanoparticles were dosed at 3-d intervals, beginning on Day 5 (post tumor cell inoculation) as indicated by the arrows above the plot. The nanoparticle formulations produced a significant survival benefit over vehicle control (9.5% trehalose) (p ≤ 0.01, Log-rank test) and over the recombinant murine IL-12 (p ≤ 0.05, Log-rank test) at the dose tested. (B) Comparison of the mean in vivo luminescence signal ± SEM (Total Flux (p/s)) in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice 19 days after inoculation of B16F10-Red-FLuc cells showed a significant reduction in signal between PEG-mIL12 nanoparticles (upturned solid triangle) and the vehicle control group and also between recombinant mIL-12 (filled circle) and the vehicle control group (p ≤ 0.05, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test).