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. 2021 May 6;11:9683. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89239-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vitro and in vivo bioluminescence imaging analysis. (A) Scheme: synovial MSCs were derived from luciferase-expressing transgenic rats. Cultured MSCs and thawed croypreserved MSCs were plated into 96-well plates and then used for injection into the knees. (B) In vitro luminescence images and intensity. Synovial MSCs derived from luciferase-expressing transgenic rat MSCs were allocated into samples of 10³, 10⁴, 10⁵, and 10⁶ cells and assessed. The average with SD is shown (n = 3). (C) In vivo bioluminescence imaging analysis. The anterior half of the MM in both knees of each rat was removed, 10⁶ cultured MSCs were injected into one knee and 10⁶ thawed cryopreserved MSCs were injected into the contralateral knee without compensation for viability. The scheme and representative images at 1 day are shown. (D) Luminescence intensity. The average is shown as a line graph. 1 day (n = 3), and 4 and 7 days (n = 4).