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. 2021 Apr 16;53(4):667–680. doi: 10.1038/s12276-021-00596-w

Fig. 6. NRF2 activators attenuate increased osteoclastogenesis associated with OPTN deficiency.

Fig. 6

a Osteoclastogenesis is enhanced in the Optn−/− cells but is reversed by curcumin treatment of osteoclast precursors. Cells were treated with RANKL/M-CSF together with various concentrations of curcumin (1 and 5 µM) for 5 days. Mature osteoclasts were identified by TRAP staining (red). Scale bar = 500 µm. b Osteoclast number per mm2, the percentage of osteoclast area per image, and nucleus number per osteoclast were quantified based on the images of Fig. 6A. c Osteoclastogenic gene expression in the curcumin-treated preosteoclasts. d Curcumin decreases intracellular ROS levels in the RANKL-treated preosteoclasts. n = 3 experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to Optn+/+ within each dosage group; †p < 0.05, ††p < 0.01, †††p < 0.001 compared to the untreated control of either the Optn+/+ or Optn−/− group.