Table 3.

Ethogram of continuous observations of pecking behavior [(31) modified].

Pecking behavior	Description
Vent Pecking (VP)	Pecks directed to the vent of a conspecific.
Severe Feather Pecking (SFP)	Forceful pecks, sometimes with feathers being pulled out and with the recipient bird moving away.
Gentle Feather Pecking (GFP)	Careful pecks, not resulting in feathers being pulled out and usually without reaction from the recipient bird.
Aggressive Pecking (AP)	Severe and fast, directed mainly at the head and given in a downward direction.
Environmental Pecking (EP)	Pecks directed at any surface, includes ground pecking and object pecking.