Table 2.

Association between baseline characteristics and the risk of physician-diagnosed asthma.

Predictor	Univariate		Multivariablea
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Study period, years
2008–2009	Reference		Reference
2010–2012	1.00 (0.89–1.12)	0.985	0.99 (0.88–1.12)	0.921
2017–2018	0.81 (0.70–0.93)	0.002	0.77 (0.66–0.89)	0.001
Age	1.03 (1.002–1.06)	0.033	1.04 (1.01–1.08)	0.004
Male sex	1.50 (1.36–1.65)	<0.001	1.51 (1.37–1.67)	<0.001
Breastfeeding	0.89 (0.80–0.99)	0.028	0.92 (0.82–1.04)	0.182
Allergy history
Paternal asthma	3.57 (2.88–4.42)	<0.001	3.20 (2.56–4.00)	<0.001
Paternal allergic rhinitis	1.83 (1.65–2.03)	<0.001	1.67 (1.50–1.86)	<0.001
Paternal atopic dermatitis	1.86 (1.55–2.23)	<0.001	1.44 (1.19–1.75)	<0.001
Maternal asthma	4.24 (3.47–5.19)	<0.001	3.52 (2.85–4.34)	<0.001
Maternal allergic rhinitis	2.04 (1.84–2.26)	<0.001	1.78 (1.60–1.99)	<0.001
Maternal atopic dermatitis	2.07 (1.74–2.46)	<0.001	1.61 (1.34–1.93)	<0.001
Indoor environment
Pets	0.92 (0.80–1.04)	0.186	0.88 (0.77–1.01)	0.066
Visible mold	1.30 (1.12–1.51)	0.001	1.17 (1.002–1.37)	0.047
Cockroaches	1.16 (1.04–1.28)	0.006	1.10 (0.99–1.23)	0.083

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Bold font indicates statistical significance (P-value < 0.05).

^aAdjusted for all shown measures