Figure 1.

Induction of immunogenic tumor cell death enhances Ti-DC phagocytosis

(A) MC38/TfROVA-DTR tumors were treated with DT or vehicle. Proportions of CRT⁺PI^– cells (left) and concentration of HMGB-1 (center) and ATP (right) in culture supplement are shown. Bar graphs show means ± SEM of pooled data from two independent experiments (CRT: n = 7, HMGB-1: n = 4, ATP: n = 6). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 (Mann-Whitney U test).

(B and C) MC38/TfROVA-DTR tumor-bearing CD11c-YFP mice 24 h after DT or vehicle treatment. Two-photon microscopic images of tumors (B); the number of Keima⁺CD45^– cells in tumors was calculated using data obtained from flow cytometric analysis (C). Scale bars, 50 μm. Bar graph shows means ± SEM of pooled data from two independent experiments (n = 8). ∗∗∗p < 0.001 (Mann-Whitney U test).

(D and E) MC38/TfROVA-DTR tumor-bearing XCR1-Venus mice 24 h after DT or vehicle treatment. Fluorescence microscopic images (D), the number of Venus⁺ MHC II⁺ CD103⁺ cells in tumors (left), and Keima⁺ Venus⁺ MHC II⁺ CD103⁺ cells in tumors (right) (E). Scale bars, 50 μm, Bar graphs show means ± SEM of pooled data from two independent experiments (n = 6−7). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 (Mann-Whitney U test).