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. 2021 Apr 16;24(5):102437. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102437

Table 1.

Studies with a focus on LIB production published after 2010

Year Author Cell Type Cell Voltage [V] Cell Capacity [Ah] Specific Energy [Wh/kg] Single Cell Weight [kg] Active Material Cathode Active Material Anode Solvent FU Energy Demand [kWh] Dry Room Scale Data Source p = Primary; s = Secondary LCA Related
2019 Dai et al. Prismatic n/a 46 197 (cell) 0.8555a NMC111 Graphite NMP per kWh cell 47b Yes Industrial p and s from industry partner Yes
2019a Thomitzek et al. n/a 33 n/a n/a n/a n/a NMP per kWh cell 744.6 Yes Pilot p from own facility No
2019b Thomitzek et al. n/a 33.3 121.53a (cell) 0.274 NMC622 Graphite NMP per kWh cell 1150 Yes Pilot p from own facility No
2017 Pettinger and Dong n/a 3.7 20.5 200 (battery) 0.45 n/a n/a NMP per cell 3.306 No Industrial p from industry partner No
2017 Yuan et al. Pouch 3.85 32 141.94a (cell) 0.868 LMO Graphite NMP per cell 13.28 Yes Industrial Pilot p measured from pilot scale industry partner No
2016 Kim et al. Pouch 3.7 n/a 140 (cell) 0.391a LMO/NMC Graphite NMP per kg battery 33.33a Yes Industrial p from industry partner Yes
2015 Dunn et al. n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a LMO,LCO, LFP, NMC, LMR-NMC Graphite NMP per kg battery for NMC: 4.5 to 780 Yes Industrial s Yes
2014 Ellingsen et al. Pouch 3.65 20 n/a n/a Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 Graphite NMP per kWh battery cell capacity produced Average: 643.89 Energy-efficient: 162.78 Yes Industrial p from industry partner Yes
2014 Li et al. Prismatic/Pouch 3.65 27 n/a n/a NMC111 SiNW n/a per kg cell unclear n/a Laboratory s Yes
2012 McManus n/a n/a n/a 128 to 200 (battery) n/a n/a n/a NMP per kg battery 25c n/a n/a s Yes
2011 Majeau-Bettez et al. n/a 3.7 n/a 140 (cell) n/a NMC Graphite NMP per kWh battery capacity 0.33a n/a n/a s Yes
2010 Notter et al. Prismatic n/a n/a 114 (battery) n/a LiMn2O4 Graphite n/a per kg cell 0.124d n/a n/a s Yes
2010 Zackrisson et al. n/a n/a n/a 93 (battery) 0.967 LiFePO4 Graphite NMP per kg battery 20.5e n/a n/a s Yes
a

Value calculated according to data obtained from paper and/or corresponding supplemental information.

b

8 kWh electricity, 39 kWh steam.

c

Cumulative energy demand for a battery.

d

0.106 kWh electricity, 0.018 kWh process heat.

e

11.7 kWh electricity, 8.8 kWh gas.