Table 1.
Summaries of the 45 articles included in the review
| Type | Citation | Geographical context | Thematic domain | Study Design or Approach |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research | Briody C. 2018. Review of Attacks on Health Care Facilities in Six Conflicts of the Past Three Decades | Global | Documentation of Attacks | Retrospective open source data analysis |
| Buckley CJ. 2019. An assessment of attributing public healthcare infrastructure damage in the Donbas five years after Euromaidan: implications for Ukrainian state legitimacy | Ukraine | Documentation of Attacks | Retrospective open source data analysis | |
| Burnham GM. 2009. Doctors leaving 12 tertiary hospitals in Iraq, 2004–2007. | Iraq | Impact of Attacks | Retrospective registry analysis | |
| Burnham G. 2012. Understanding the impact of conflict on health services in Iraq: information from 401 Iraqi refugee doctors in Jordan: Conflict and health services in Iraq | Iraq | Impact of Attacks | Qualitative interviews: Semi-structured approach | |
| Chi, PC. 2015. Perceptions of the effects of armed conflict on maternal and reproductive health services and outcomes in Burundi and Northern Uganda: a qualitative study | Burundi and Northern Uganda | Impact of Attacks | Qualitative interviews | |
| Chukwuma A. 2019. Armed conflict and maternal health care utilization: Evidence from the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria | Nigeria | Impact of Attacks | Retrospective registry analysis | |
| Cliff J. 1988. Health as a target: South Africa’s Destabilization of Mozambique | Mozambique | Impact of Attacks | Retrospective registry analysis | |
| Elamein M. 2017. Attacks against health care in Syria, 2015–16: results from a real-time reporting tool. | Syria | Documentation of Attacks | Retrospective registry analysis | |
| Fardousi N. 2019 Healthcare under siege: a qualitative study of health-worker responses to targeting and besiegement in Syria | Syria | Documentation of Attacks | Qualitative interviews: Semi-structured approach | |
| Foghammar L. 2016 Challenges in researching violence affecting health service delivery in complex security environments | Global | Documentation of Attacks | Qualitative interviews and workshop discussions- Secondary analysis | |
| Footer KHA. 2014. On the frontline of eastern Burma’s chronic conflict - Listening to the voices of local health workers. | Myanmar | Documentation of Attacks | Qualitative interviews: Semi-structured approach | |
| Footer KHA. 2018. Qualitative accounts from Syrian health professionals regarding violations of the right to health, including use of chemical weapons, in opposition-held Syria | Syria | Documentation of Attacks | Qualitative interviews: Semi-structured approach | |
| Haar RJ. 2014. Measurement of attacks and interferences with health care in conflict: validation of an incident reporting tool for attacks on and interferences with health care in eastern Burma | Myanmar | Documentation of Attacks | Qualitative interviews: Semi-structured approach | |
| Haar RJ. 2018. Determining the scope of attacks on health in four governorates of Syria in 2016: Results of a field surveillance program | Syria | Documentation of Attacks | Retrospective registry analysis | |
| Hemat H. 2017. Before the Bombing: High Burden of Traumatic Injuries in Kunduz Trauma Center, Kunduz, Afghanistan | Afghanistan | Impact of Attacks | Retrospective registry analysis | |
| Lafta RK. 2019. Violence against health-care workers in a conflict affected city | Iraq | Documentation of Attacks | Retrospective cohort survey study | |
| Michlig GJ. 2019. Providing healthcare under ISIS: A qualitative analysis of healthcare worker experiences in Mosul, Iraq between June 2014 and June 2017 | Iraq | Impact of Attacks | Qualitative interviews: Semi-structured approach | |
| Namakula J. 2014. Living through conflict and post-conflict: experiences of health workers in northern Uganda and lessons for people-centered health systems | Uganda | Impact of Attacks | Qualitative interviews study - life history approach | |
| Neuman M. 2014. “No patients, no problems:” Exposure to risk of medical personnel working in MSF projects in Yemen’s governorate of Amran | Yemen | Documentation of Attacks | Qualitative interviews | |
| RI S. 2019. Attacks on health facilities as an indicator of violence against civilians in Syria: An exploratory analysis of open-source data. | Syria | Documentation of Attacks | Retrospective open source data analysis | |
| Rytter MJH. 2006. Effects of armed conflict on access to emergency health care in Palestinian West Bank: systematic collection of data in emergency departments | Palestine | Impact of Attacks | Retrospective cohort survey study and registry analysis | |
| Sousa c. 2011. Conflict, health care and professional perseverance: A qualitative study in the West Bank | Palestine | Impact of Attacks | Qualitative interviews and Participant observation | |
| Sinha S. 2012. Vulnerabilities of Local Healthcare Providers in Complex Emergencies: Findings from the Manipur Micro-level Insurgency Database 2008–2009 | India | Documentation of Attacks | Retrospective registry analysis | |
| Trelles M. 2016. Averted health burden over 4 years at Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Trauma Centre in Kunduz, Afghanistan, prior to its closure in 2015. | Afghanistan | Impact of Attacks | Retrospective registry analysis | |
| Ud Din I. 2012. “How the Taliban undermined community healthcare in Swat, Pakistan.” | Pakistan | Documentation of Attacks | Qualitative interviews: Semi-structured approach | |
| Wong CH. 2018. Ambulances under siege in Syria | Syria | Documentation of Attacks | Retrospective open source data analysis | |
| Zimmerman HL. 2019 Attacks on health in conflict: generating attention in the modern information landscape | Global | Documentation of Attacks | Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions and systematic literature review | |
| Human Rights Investigation | Crombé X. 2019. War Breaks Out: Interpreting Violence on Healthcare in the Early Stage of the South Sudanese Civil War | South Sudan | Documentation of Attacks | Mixed methods human rights investigation |
| Garfield RM. 1987. Health-Related Outcomes of War in Nicaragua | Nicaragua | Impact of Attacks | Mixed methods: Retrospective registry analysis and qualitative interviews | |
| Geiger J. 1989. A new medical mission to El Salvador. | El Salvador | Documentation of Attacks | Mixed methods human rights investigation | |
| Gellhorn A. 1983. Medical mission report on El Salvador | El Salvador | Documentation of Attacks | Mixed methods human rights investigation | |
| Eisenberg C. 1983. Health and human rights in El Salvador | El Salvador | Impact Analysis | Mixed methods human rights investigation | |
| Marton R. 2011. Human rights violations during Israel’s attack on the Gaza Strip: 27 December 2008 to 19 January 2009. | Palestine | Documentation of Attacks | Mixed methods human rights investigation | |
| Policy Analysis / Legal | Bouchet-Saulnier F. 2018. An Environment Conducive to mistakes: lessons learned in Kunduz | Afghanistan | Law and Human Rights | In depth case study |
| Foghammar L. 2014. Violence against healthcare in fragile systems | Global | Documentation | Incident review and policy analysis | |
| Footer KHA. 2013. Human Rights Approach to Healthcare in Conflict | Global | Law and Human Rights | Legal or policy analysis | |
| Gates S. 2017. Patterns of Attacks on Medical Personnel and Facilities: SDG 3 meets SDG 16 | Global | Impact of Attacks | Legal or policy analysis | |
| Mclean D. 2019. Medical care in armed conflict: Perpetrator discourse in historical perspective | Global | Impact of Attacks | Historical case study analysis | |
| Terry F. 2013. Violence against health care: insights from Afghanistan, Somalia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo | Afghanistan, DRC and Somalia | Methods description | Incident review and policy analysis | |
| Reviews | Afzal MH. 2019. A scoping review of the wider and long-term impacts of attacks on health in conflict zones | Global | Impact of Attacks | Scoping review |
| Boi-Karroum L. 2018. Health Care Workers in the setting of the “Arab Spring”: a scoping review for the Lancet-AUB Commission on Syria | MENA | Documentation | Scoping review | |
| Fouad FM. 2017. Health workers and the weaponisation of health care in Syria: a preliminary inquiry for The Lancet-American University of Beirut Commission on Syria | Syria | Documentation | Mixed methods: Literature review and qualitative stakeholder interviews | |
| Redwood-Campbell LJ. 2014. Health care workers in danger zones: a special report on safety and security in a changing environment | Global | Documentation | Qualitative review | |
| Rubenstein LS. 2010. Responsibility for protection of medical workers and facilities in armed conflict | Global | Documentation | Qualitative review |