TABLE 1.
Brain inflammation 2D and 3D co-culture models.
| Model | Cell type(s) & source | Objectives | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| BV2/SH-SY5Y BV2/N2A |
Mouse microglia cell lines/Human neuroblastoma cell lines/Mouse neuroblastoma cell lines | Simulation the proinflammatory status of microglia | Liu et al. (2019b) |
| b.End3/C8-D1A | Mouse brain microvascular endothelial/Mouse brain astrocyte | A dual-layer BBB was formed in the porous model of flowing cell suspension | Booth and Kim, (2012) |
| Neurons/Microglia | Primary cortical neurons/Mouse brain mixed glial cell | Stimulation the mimic chronic neuroinflammation conditions | Tu et al. (2019); Yin et al. (2020a) |
| iPSC-PFP-pericytes/iPSC-GFP-BMECS | BC1 and BC1-GFP hiPSC lines | The effects of in vitro platforms with varied spatial orientations and levels of cell-cell contact | Jamieson et al. (2019) |
| HT22/U251 | Hippocampal neuronal HT22/Astrocytoma U251 cells | The effects of inflammation, oxidative Stress, and neuron death | Liu et al. (2019a) |
| Astrocyte/CD3+ T lymphocyte | Primary human fetal astrocyte cultures/Human blood of healthy donors | Stimulation of the changes observed in animals | Horng et al. (2017) |
| Microglia/Astrocytes | Mouse primary microglia and astrocytes | Experiments investigating the effect of LPS-induced mimic inflammatory conditions | Mutemberezi et al. (2018); Dambach et al. (2014) |
| Neurons/SIM-A9 | Primary cortical and cerebellar neurons/Immortalized mouse microglia cells | Evaluation the role of microglia in neurodegeneration | Zhang et al. (2018a) |
| N11/N2A/MVEC(B3) | Murine microglial cells (N11)/Mouse neuroblastoma Nuro2A cell lines/Brain microvascular endothelial MVEC(B3) cells | An experimentally flexible tri-culture neuroinflammation model stimulated with LPS | Zheng et al. (2021) |
| 3D BBB microvascular network | iPSC-endothelial cells/iPSC-brain pericytes/iPSC- astrocytes | Via vasculogenesis to accurately replicate the in vivo neurovascular organization | Campisi et al. (2018); Park et al. (2018); (Bergmann et al. (2018); Nzou et al. (2020) |
| Neuron (Neu)/astrocyte (AC)/microglia (MG) differentiation from human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) | Study of human microglia recruitment, neuroinflammatory response and neuron/astrocyte damages | ||
| Multicellular 3D neurovascular unit organoid containing human brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and neurons | Model the effects of hypoxia and neuroinflammation on BBB function | ||
| 3D neuro-spheroids | Composition (e.g., neurons, astrocytes, and microglia), and environmental components (e.g., amyloid-β aggregates) | Construction of 3D cell culture and microenvironments | Simão et al. (2018); Cai et al. (2020) |