Table 1. Basic Parameters Input to the Model and the Ranges of the Sensitivity Analysesa.
Parameter | Baseline value | Lower limit | Upper limit | Distribution | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lognormal OS survival model of nivolumab | μ = 1.9092; σ = 1.3333 | ND | ND | ND | Model fitting |
Log-logistic PFS survival model of pembrolizumab | γ = 1.6809; λ = 0.3649 | ND | ND | ND | Model fitting |
HR for OS (nivolumab vs pembrolizumab) | 0.86 | 0.63 | 1.17 | Lognormal | Network meta-analysis |
HR for PFS (nivolumab vs pembrolizumab) | 0.91 | 0.66 | 1.25 | Lognormal | Network meta-analysis |
Rate of treatment discontinuation | |||||
Pembrolizumab group | 0.06 | 0.045b | 0.075b | Beta | Cohen et al,7 2019 |
Nivolumab group | 0.042 | 0.032b | 0.053b | Beta | Ferris et al,6 2019 |
Drug cost (per month), $ | |||||
Pembrolizumab | 13 403.73 | 10 052.80b | 16 754.67b | Gamma | CMS31 |
Nivolumab | 11 828.04 | 8871.03b | 14 785.05b | Gamma | CMS31 |
Cetuximab | |||||
The first cycle | 13 519.76 | 10 139.82b | 16 899.70b | Gamma | CMS31 |
The ensuing cycle | 11 756.32 | 8817.24b | 14 695.40b | Gamma | CMS31 |
Methotrexate | 14.88 | 11.16b | 18.60b | Gamma | CMS31 |
Docetaxel | 251.29 | 188.47b | 314.11b | Gamma | CMS31 |
Paclitaxel | 82.14 | 61.61b | 102.68b | Gamma | CMS31 |
Fluorouracil | 30.00 | 22.50b | 37.50b | Gamma | CMS31 |
Carboplatin | 39.45 | 29.59b | 49.31b | Gamma | CMS31 |
Cisplatin | 47.84 | 35.88b | 59.80b | Gamma | CMS31 |
Afatinib | 13 104.00 | 9828.00b | 16 380.00b | Gamma | UpToDate32c |
Drug administration costs, $ | |||||
Chemotherapy infusion | |||||
First hour | 142.55 | 122.39 | 206.68 | Gamma | CPT code 9641333 |
Additional hour | 30.68 | 27.00 | 43.02 | Gamma | CPT code 9641533 |
Immunohistochemical test | 107.19 | 95.15 | 151.82 | Gamma | CPT code 8834233 |
Follow-up cost per month | 1443.16 | 1082.37b | 1803.95b | Gamma | CPT code 7881634 |
Best supportive care cost per month | 4409.00 | 2050.00 | 6861.00 | Gamma | Ward et al,19 2017; Enomoto et al,35 2015; Gourin et al,36 2014 |
Terminal care cost | 10 561.00 | 7920.75b | 13 201.25b | Gamma | Enomoto et al,35 2015 |
SAE management cost, $d | |||||
Pembrolizumab group | 611.80 | 289.66 | 700.52 | Gamma | Haddad et al,11 2020; Ward et al,19 2017; Wong et al,37 2018; Burudpakdee et al,38 2012; Hagiwara et al,39 2013; Swallow et al,40 2018; Wan et al,41 2019 |
Nivolumab group | 902.60 | 417.87 | 1206.83 | Gamma | Haddad et al,11 2020; Ward et al,19 2017; Wong et al,37 2018; Burudpakdee et al,38 2012; Hagiwara et al,39 2013; Swallow et al,40 2018; Wan et al,41 2019 |
Health utilitiese | |||||
Progression-free survival | 0.805 | 0.786 | 0.824 | Beta | Haddad et al,11 2020 |
Progressed disease | 0.746 | 0.716 | 0.775 | Beta | Haddad et al,11 2020 |
SAE utility tollf | |||||
Pembrolizumab group | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.010 | Beta | Haddad et al,11 2020; Kohn et al,24 2017; Nafees et al,25 2017; Lloyd et al,26 2008; Zargar et al,27 2018; Tam et al,28 2013; Lee et al,29 2013; Beusterien et al,30 2010 |
Nivolumab group | 0.013 | 0.007 | 0.018 | Beta | Haddad et al,11 2020; Kohn et al,24 2017; Nafees et al,25 2017; Lloyd et al,26 2008; Zargar et al,27 2018; Tam et al,28 2013; Lee et al,29 2013; Beusterien et al,30 2010 |
Rate of wastage of nivolumab | 0.061 | 0.046b | 0.076b | Beta | Fukudo et al,42 2020 |
Body surface area, m2 | 1.86 | 1.40b | 2.33b | Normal | Ward et al,19 2017 |
Body weight, kg | 70 | 50 | 90 | Normal | Ward et al,19 2017 |
Discount rate | 0.03 | 0 | 0.08 | Uniform | Sanders et al,15 2016 |
Time horizon, mo | 180 | 60 | 360 | Uniform | Tringale et al,43 2018 |
Abbreviations: CMS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; CPT, Current Procedural Terminology; HR, hazard ratio; ND, not determined; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; SAE, severe adverse event.
For additional details, see eTable 4 in the Supplement.
Variance of plus or minus 25% from baseline values.
Adjusted with the same discount of the price for pembrolizumab between UpToDate and CMS.
The mean cost of toxicity weighted by the frequency of occurrence.
The health utilities are values that vary between 0 and 1 and have no units.
The mean utility toll of toxicity weighted by the frequency of occurrence.