Table 4. Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression Model Describing the Association Between Patient, Surgery, and Facility Characteristics and Receipt of Any Preoperative Test Before Cataract Surgery in Fiscal Year 2017a.
| Characteristics | Total operations, No. | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Facility surgical complexity | |||
| Ambulatory | |||
| Advanced | 3413 | 1 [Reference] | [Reference] |
| Basic | 3181 | 0.31 (0.04-2.54) | .28 |
| Inpatient | |||
| Standard | 3140 | 0.28 (0.05-1.48) | .13 |
| Intermediate | 12 375 | 0.27 (0.04-1.63) | .15 |
| Complex | 45 522 | 0.03 (0.00-0.25) | <.001 |
| Unknown | 1439 | 0.28 (0.02-2.91) | .29 |
| Annual facility cataract operations volume | NA | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | .16 |
| Age (per 1 y) | NA | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | .66 |
| Women (vs men) | 2788 | 1.08 (0.92-1.27) | >.99 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 53 837 | 1 [Reference] | [Reference] |
| Asian | 411 | 0.91 (0.62-1.34) | .64 |
| Black or African American | 10 292 | 1.16 (1.06-1.27) | <.001 |
| Hawaiian | 597 | 0.79 (0.56-1.10) | .16 |
| American Indian | 690 | 0.99 (0.99-1.14) | .16 |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 37 529 | 1 [Reference] | [Reference] |
| Single | 2134 | 1.07 (0.90-1.28) | .41 |
| Divorced | 18 344 | 0.98 (0.81-1.17) | .83 |
| Widowed | 5485 | 0.96 (0.78-1.18) | .70 |
| Never married | 5333 | 1.04 (0.85-1.28) | .64 |
| BMI | |||
| Normal (healthy weight) | 12 506 | 1 [Reference] | [Reference] |
| Low | 839 | 0.74 (0.56-0.97) | .03 |
| Obesity | 27 799 | 0.99 (0.91-1.07) | .82 |
| Overweight | 23 292 | 1.02 (0.93-1.11) | .62 |
| Elixhauser index (per No. of comorbidities) | NA | 1.13 (1.12-1.14) | <.001 |
| Surgery characteristics | |||
| General anesthesia | 1097 | 1 [Reference] | [Reference] |
| Monitored anesthesia care | 67 973 | 0.66 (0.53-0.83) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); OR, odds ratio.
a
Analysis conducted at a procedure level (69 070 total surgical procedures).