Table 2.
OXA resistance arising in CRC due to the different ncRNAs.
| Mechanism | Type of ncRNA | Reported ncRNA | Alteration in CRC Cells | Validated ncRNA Targets | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABC Transporter Family | lncRNA | CACS15 | Upregulated | miR-145/ABCC1 | [238] |
| PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | lncRNA | LINC00152 | Upregulated | miR-193a-3p/ERBB4/AKT | [239] |
| circRNA | circCCDC66 | Upregulated | DHX9 | [240] | |
| Apoptosis | miRNA | miR-20a | Upregulated | BNIP2 | [208] |
| miRNA | miR-153 | Upregulated | FOXO3a | [241] | |
| miRNA | miR-425-5p | Upregulated | PDCD10 | [242] | |
| miRNA | miR-135b | Upregulated | FOXO1 | [243] | |
| lncRNA | BLACAT1 | Upregulated | miR-519d-3p/ CREB1 | [244] | |
| lncRNA | MEG3 | Downregulated | miR-141/PDCD4 | [245,246] | |
| Autophagy | miRNA | miR-409-3p | Downregulated | Beclin 1 | [247] |
| circRNA | circHIPK3 | Upregulated | miR-637/STAT3/BCL-2/Beclin1 | [248] | |
| Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway | miRNA | miR-320 | Downregulated | FOXM1 | [221] |
| lncRNA | H19 | Upregulated | miR-141 | [249] | |
| TNF-α signalling pathway | circRNA | hsa_circ_0079662 | Upregulated | hsa-mir-324-5p/HOXA6 | [250] |
| Glycolysis | circRNA | hsa_circ_0005963 | Upregulated | miR-122/PKM2 | [251] |
| Other chemoresistance related ncRNA | miRNA | miR-203 | Upregulated | ATM | [252] |
| miRNA | miR-483-3p | Downregulated | FAM171B | [253] | |
| miRNA | miR-492 | Downregulated | CD147 | [254] | |
| miRNA | miR-200b-3p | Downregulated | TUBB3 | [255] | |
| lncRNA | GIHCG | Upregulated | / | [226] | |
| lncRNA | LINC00460 | Upregulated | miR-149-5p/miR-150-5p/ Mut p53 | [256] | |
| lncRNA | CBR3-AS1 | Upregulated | miR-145-5p | [257] | |
| lncRNA | MALAT1 | Upregulated | miR-324-3p/ADAM17 | [258] |
Abbreviations: STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; HOXA6: Homeobox protein Hox-A6; DHX9: DExH-Box Helicase 9; FOXM1: Forkhead box protein M1; ABCC1: ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 1; CACS15; Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 15; ERRB4: Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4; AKT: Protein Kinase B; BNIP2: BCL2 interacting protein 2; FOXO1: Forkhead box 1; CREB1: CAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 1; PDCD4: Programmed cell death protein 4; BCL-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; PKM2: Pyruvate kinase; ATM: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated; FAM171B; Family With Sequence Similarity 171 Member B; TUBB3: Target β-III tubulin; MALAT1: Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; ADAM17: Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain-Containing Protein 17.