Table 3.
Comparison of Selected Characteristics Among Top 5 Drug Classes Causing DILI.
| ATD | CAM | AED | Antimicrobials | NSAID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 49.5% | 38.7% | 47.2% | 49.1% | 47.1% |
| Jaundice | 70.2% | 87.7% | 55.2% | 55.8% | 50% |
| Skin Rash | 9.2% | 16.7% | 61% | 32.7% | 9.1% |
| HE | 13.6% | 8.4% | 9.5% | 0% | 2.9% |
| Ascites | 25.2% | 21.8% | 13.3% | 7.7% | 14.7% |
| Recovery | 85.4% | 86.4% | 84.5% | 94.2% | 100% |
| Severity | 35.8% | 37% | 33% | 18.2% | 17.6% |
| Hy's Law | 59.8% | 58% | 49.1% | 41.8% | 44.1% |
| Age (years) | 43.7 ± 16.6 | 41.7 ± 14.8 | 37.0 ± 16.9 | 44.4 ± 18.6 | 52.3 ± 19.4 |
| Duration of treatment (days) IQR |
25 (12–60) | 21 (6–62) | 31 (15–42) | 7 (5–14) | 15 (6–34) |
| BMI | 21.4 ± 4.4 | 23.4 ± 4.2 | 21.5 ± 4.8 | 22.1 ± 3.8 | 24.3 ± 4.5 |
| Weight (kg) | 53.6 ± 13.1 | 61.7 ± 11.3 | 54.1 ± 14.0 | 50.8 ± 17.6 | 58.6 ± 13.8 |
| Total protein (g/dl) | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 7.3 ± 5.9 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 6.7 ± 0.9 | 6.8 ± 0.8 |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.6 |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 6.8 ± 6.8 | 15.6 ± 12 | 6.8 ± 8.3 | 6.0 ± 8.0 | 5.1 ± 6.1 |
| Direct Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 4.7 ± 5.4 | 10.3 ± 8.8 | 4.7 ± 6.0 | 4.3 ± 6.4 | 3.3 ± 4.1 |
| AST (IU/L) IQR |
236 (131–510) | 235 (133-4450 | 258 (159–761) | 154 (89–322) | 236 (123–396) |
| ALT (IU/L) IQR |
237 (104–525) | 224 (85–561) | 347 (158–761) | 202 (76–419) | 276 (139–660) |
| ALP (IU/L) IQR |
165 (118–250) | 171 (128–255) | 228 (152–346) | 281 (142–423) | 197 (136–313) |
| GGT (IU/L) IQR |
111 (53–213) | 80 (42–162) | 438 (213–1014) | 203 (103–352) | 199 (76–375) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 1.1 |
| INR | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
| Hb (g/dl) | 10.9 ± 2.0 | 11 ± 2.2 | 11.6 ± 2.0 | 11.7 ± 1.6 | 12.1 ± 2.2 |
| WBC (10/dl) IQR |
8270 (6200–11000) | 9200 (7250–11800) | 9450 (6370–13650) | 8950 (6190–12760) | 7800 (7100–14100) |
| Eosinophils (%) | 3.37 ± 4.710 | 3.9 ± 3.8 | 9.57 ± 12.9 | 3.6 ± 3.8 | 3.8 ± 3.6 |
| Platelets (105/dl) | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.7 |
| MELD | 19.1 ± 9.5 | 21.8 ± 7.2 | 16.4 ± 9.6 | 16.2 ± 8.2 | 14.9 ± 9.1 |
Abbreviation.ATD: Anti-TB drugs; CAM: Complimentary alternative medicine; AED: Anti-epileptic drugs; NSAID: Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug. AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, BMI: Body Mass Index, GGT: gamma glutamyl transferase, INR: International normalized ratio, IQR: inter quartile range, MELD: Model for end stage liver disease, WBC: white blood cells.