Table 4.
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients With and Without ALF.
| Encephalopathy (ALF) (n = 124; 10%) |
No Encephalopathy (No ALF) (n = 1150; 90%) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Females n (%) | 71 (57.3%) | 539 (48.3%) | 0.06 |
| Jaundice n (%) | 116 (93.5%) | 720 (64.7%) | 0.001 |
| Skin rashes n (%) | 20 (16.5%) | 217 (19.9%) | 0.38 |
| Ascites n (%) | 54 (43.5%) | 149 (13.4%) | 0.001 |
| Non-Survivors n (%) | 64.8% | 6.6% | 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 49 ± 16.2 | 42 ± 16.4 | 0.001 |
| Duration of treatment (days) IQR |
32 (12–105) | 27 (11–60) | 0.46 |
| Weight (kg) | 57.5 ± 14.9 | 55.2 ± 13.5 | 0.22 |
| Serum total protein (g/dl) | 6 ± 1 | 6.6 ± 2.6 | 0.010 |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 15.5 ± 16.7 | 7.7 ± 8.8 | 0.001 |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dl) | 9 ± 5.9 | 5.3 ± 6.6 | 0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) IQR |
342 (170–981) | 210 (104–505) | 0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) IQR |
312 (162–713) | 235 (104–505) | 0.014 |
| ALP (IU/L) IQR |
187 (132–315) | 176 (122–279) | 0.37 |
| GGT (IU/L) IQR |
101 (53–214) | 132 (64–296) | 0.52 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.003 |
| INR | 3 ± 2.2 | 1.5 ± 1 | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.7 ± 2.2 | 11.2 ± 2.1 | 0.027 |
| WBC (10/dl) IQR |
9400 (7000–14850) | 8565 (6200–11200) | 0.051 |
| Neutrophils (%) | 71.3 ± 17 | 68 ± 14 | 0.068 |
| Platelets (105/dl) | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 0.040 |
| MELD | 28.5 ± 10 | 17 ± 7.5 | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: ATD: anti-tuberculosis drugs, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, BMI: Body Mass Index, GGT: gamma glutamyl transferase, INR: International normalized ratio, IQR: inter quartile range, MELD: Model for end stage liver disease, WBC: white blood cells.