Table 2.
Factors associated with death and treatment failure
| Variable | Death and treatment failure, no. (%) | Univariate analysis OR (95% CI) | P-value | Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||||
| Gender | 0.605 | – | – | |||
| Female | 138 (87.9) | 19 (12.1) | Referent | |||
| Male | 140 (89.7) | 16 (10.3) | 0.830 (0.410–1.681) | |||
| Age-group (years) | ||||||
| ≤ 20 | 73 (93.6) | 5 (6.4) | Referent | Referent | ||
| 21–40 | 125 (88.0) | 17 (12.0) | 1.986 (0.703–5.607) | 0.195 | 2.688 (0.904–7.872) | 0.075 |
| 41–60 | 52 (86.6) | 9 (13.4) | 2.266 (0.720–7.128) | 0.162 | 4.923 (1.279–18.943) | 0.020 |
| > 60 | 28 (84.6) | 4 (15.4) | 2.655 (0.656–10.749) | 0.171 | 3.614 (1.183–17.020) | 0.035 |
| Body mass index | ||||||
| Normal (18.5–22.9) | 71 (91.0) | 7 (9.0) | Referent | Referent | – | |
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 118 (84.3) | 22 (15.7) | 1.891 (0.769–4.651) | 0.165 | 2.741 (1.038–7.239) | 0.042 |
| Overweight (23–27.5) | 38 (92.7) | 3 (7.3) | 0.801 (0.196–3.276) | 0.757 | 0.980 (0.227–4.230) | 0.979 |
| Obese (> 27.5) | 34 (91.9) | 3 (8.1) | 0.895 (0.218–3.676) | 0.878 | 1.242 (0.285–5.407) | 0.772 |
| Not available | 17 (100) | – | Non-computable | – | Non-computable | – |
| Smoking | 0.029 | 0.180 | ||||
| No | 265 (89.8) | 30 (10.2) | Referent | Referent | ||
| Yes | 13 (72.2) | 5 (27.8) | 3.397 (1.133–10.189) | 2.330 (0.676–8.025) | ||
| Comorbidity | 0.771 | – | – | |||
| No | 228 (89.1) | 28 (10.9) | Referent | |||
| Yes | 50 (87.7) | 7 (12.3) | 1.140 (0.471–2.757) | |||
| Previous TB treatment | 0.083 | 0.028 | ||||
| No | 79 (84.0) | 15 (16.0) | Referent | Referent | ||
| Yes | 199 (90.9) | 20 (9.1) | 0.529 (0.258–1.086) | 0.417 (0.191–0.911) | ||
| Baseline sputum smear grading | – | – | ||||
| Negative | 29 (93.5) | 2 (6.5) | Referent | |||
| Scanty (1–9 AFB/100 HPF) | 35 (83.3) | 7 (16.7) | 2.900 (0.559–15.051) | 0.205 | ||
| +1 (10–99 AFB/100 HPF) | 124 (92.5) | 10 (7.5) | 1.169 (0.243–5.627) | 0.845 | ||
| +2 (1–9 AFB/HPF) | 65 (84.4) | 12 (15.6) | 2.677 (0.563–12.734) | 0.216 | ||
| +3 (> 9 AFB/HPF) | 25 (86.2) | 4 (13.8) | 2.320 (0.391–13.753) | 0.354 | ||
| Lung lesions at baseline chest X-ray | ||||||
| No lesions | 13 (86.7) | 2 (13.3) | Referent | |||
| One zone | 103 (91.2) | 10 (8.8) | 0.631 (0.124–3.202) | 0.579 | ||
| 2–3 Zones | 153 (87.4) | 22 (12.6) | 0.935 (0.198–4.423) | 0.932 | ||
| Information not available | 9 (90.9) | 1 (10.0) | 0.722 (0.057–9.217) | 0.802 | ||
| Number of resistant drugs | 0.111 | 0.024 | ||||
| 2 | 196 (90.7) | 20 (9.3) | Referent | Referent | ||
| > 2 | 82 (84.5) | 15 (15.5) | 1.793 (0.875–3.673) | 2.518 (1.130–5.611) | ||
| Resistance to ethambutol | 0.536 | – | – | |||
| No | 241 (89.3) | 29 (10.7) | Referent | |||
| Yes | 37 (86.0) | 6 (14.0) | 1.348 (0.524–3.466) | |||
| Resistance to Z | 0.352 | – | – | |||
| No | 218 (89.7) | 25 (10.3) | Referent | |||
| Yes | 60 (85.7) | 10 (14.3) | 1.453 (0.662–3.193) | |||
| Resistance to streptomycin | 0.533 | – | – | |||
| No | 255 (89.2) | 31 (10.8) | Referent | |||
| Yes | 23 (85.2) | 4 (14.8) | 1.431 (0.464–4.408) | |||
AFB = acid-fast bacilli; HPF = high power field; OR = odds ratio; TB = tuberculosis. Model fit was based on the nonsignificant Hosmer–Lemeshow test (P-value = 0.917) and overall percentage = 88.2% from the classification table.
*
Bold P-values indicate statistically significant.